Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus–vectored vaccine induces long-lasting immunity against Nipah virus disease

• Published in: The Journal of clinical investigation Vol. 133; no. 3; pp. 1 - 15
• Main Authors: Woolsey, Courtney, Borisevich, Viktoriya, Fears, Alyssa C., Agans, Krystle N., Deer, Daniel J., Prasad, Abhishek N., O’Toole, Rachel, Foster, Stephanie L., Dobias, Natalie S., Geisbert, Joan B., Fenton, Karla A., Cross, Robert W., Geisbert, Thomas W.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Society for Clinical Investigation 01.02.2023
• Subjects: Adenoviruses; Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Biomedical research; Chlorocebus aethiops; COVID-19; Ebola virus; Encephalitis; Epidemics; Genetic aspects; Genetic vectors; Glycoproteins; Humans; Immunity; Immunity (Disease); Immunological research; Infectious disease; Lethal dose; Lethality; Licenses; Nipah virus; Nipah Virus - genetics; Pandemics; Pathogens; Respiratory diseases; Stomatitis; Transcriptomics; Vaccines; Vesicular Stomatitis; Vesiculovirus - genetics; Viral vaccines; Viral Vaccines - genetics; Viruses; United States; Bangladesh; Malaysia; United States > US; India; Infectious disease; Adaptive immunity; Vaccines
• ISSN: 1558-8238; 0021-9738; 1558-8238
• DOI: 10.1172/JCI164946

The emergence of the novel henipavirus, Langya virus, received global attention after the virus sickened over three dozen people in China. There is heightened concern that henipaviruses, as respiratory pathogens, could spark another pandemic, most notably the deadly Nipah virus (NiV). NiV causes near-annual outbreaks in Bangladesh and India and induces a highly fatal respiratory disease and encephalitis in humans. No licensed countermeasures against this pathogen exist. An ideal NiV vaccine would confer both fast-acting and long-lived protection. Recently, we reported the generation of a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based (rVSV-based) vaccine expressing the NiV glycoprotein (rVSV-ΔG-NiVBG) that protected 100% of nonhuman primates from NiV-associated lethality within a week. Here, to evaluate the durability of rVSV-ΔG-NiVBG, we vaccinated African green monkeys (AGMs) one year before challenge with an uniformly lethal dose of NiV. The rVSV-ΔG-NiVBG vaccine induced stable and robust humoral responses, whereas cellular responses were modest. All immunized AGMs (whether receiving a single dose or prime-boosted) survived with no detectable clinical signs or NiV replication. Transcriptomic analyses indicated that adaptive immune signatures correlated with vaccine-mediated protection. While vaccines for certain respiratory infections (e.g., COVID-19) have yet to provide durable protection, our results suggest that rVSV-ΔG-NiVBG elicits long-lasting immunity.