Strategy Training During Inpatient Rehabilitation May Prevent Apathy Symptoms After Acute Stroke

• Published in: PM & R Vol. 7; no. 6; pp. 562 - 570
• Main Authors: Skidmore, Elizabeth R., PhD, OTR/L, Whyte, Ellen M., MD, Butters, Meryl A., PhD, Terhorst, Lauren, PhD, Reynolds, Charles F., MD
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.06.2015
• Subjects: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Apathy; Cognition Disorders - etiology; Cognition Disorders - prevention & control; Female; Humans; Inpatients; Male; Middle Aged; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; Physical Therapy Modalities; Pilot Projects; Single-Blind Method; Stroke - complications; Stroke Rehabilitation
• ISSN: 1934-1482; 1934-1563
• DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2014.12.010

Abstract Background Apathy, or lack of motivation for goal-directed activities, contributes to reduced engagement in and benefit from rehabilitation, impeding recovery from stroke. Objective To examine the effects of strategy training, a behavioral intervention used to augment usual inpatient rehabilitation, on apathy symptoms over the first 6 months after stroke. Design Secondary analysis of randomized controlled trial. Setting Acute inpatient rehabilitation. Participants Participants with acute stroke who exhibited cognitive impairments (Quick Executive Interview Scores ≥3) and were admitted for inpatient rehabilitation were randomized to receive strategy training (n = 15, 1 session per day, 5 days per week, in addition to usual inpatient rehabilitation) or reflective listening (n = 15, same dose). Methods Strategy training sessions focused on participant-selected goals and participant-derived strategies to address these goals, using a global strategy training method (Goal-Plan-Do-Check). Reflective listening sessions focused on participant reflections on their rehabilitation goals and experiences, facilitated by open-ended questions and active listening skills (attending, following, and responding). Main Outcome Measures Trained raters blinded to group assignment administered the Apathy Evaluation Scale at study admission, 3 months, and 6 months. Data were analyzed with repeated-measures fixed-effects models. Results Participants in both groups had similar subsyndromal levels of apathy symptoms at study admission (strategy training, mean = 25.79, standard deviation = 7.62; reflective listening, mean = 25.18, standard deviation = 4.40). A significant group × time interaction (F2,28 = 3.61, P = .040) indicated that changes in apathy symptom levels differed between groups over time. The magnitude of group differences in change scores was large (d = −0.99, t28 = −2.64, P = .013) at month 3 and moderate to large (d = −0.70, t28 = −1.86, P = .073) at month 6. Conclusion Strategy training shows promise as an adjunct to usual rehabilitation for maintaining low levels of poststroke apathy.