Antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of Chenopodium glaucum L

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 16; no. 10; p. e0255502
• Main Authors: Khan, Safi Ullah, Ullah, Faizan, Mehmood, Sultan, Fahad, Shah, Ahmad Rahi, Arsalan, Althobaiti, Fayez, Dessoky, Eldessoky S, Saud, Shah, Danish, Subhan, Datta, Rahul
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: San Francisco Public Library of Science 29.10.2021; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Acetic acid; Analysis; Antibacterial activity; Antibiotics; Antifungal activity; Antifungal agents; Antimicrobial agents; Antioxidants; Artificial intelligence; Bacteria; Biology and Life Sciences; Cancer therapies; Cell cycle; Chemical compounds; Chenopodium glaucum; Cytotoxicity; Developing countries; E coli; Escherichia coli; Ethyl acetate; Flowers & plants; Free radicals; Fungicides; Gallic acid; Gas chromatography; Herbal medicine; Hexanes; Hydrogen peroxide; Infections; Klebsiella; Klebsiella pneumoniae; LDCs; Lung carcinoma; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Medicinal plants; Medicine and Health Sciences; Methanol; n-Hexane; Oxidants; Oxidizing agents; Pathogens; Pharmacology; Phenolic compounds; Phenols; Physical Sciences; Phytochemicals; Plant sciences; Pneumonia; Properties; Prostate cancer; Scavenging; Soil sciences; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Sulfonic acid; Urogenital system; Pakistan; Saudi Arabia; North America; China; Japan
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255502

We evaluated phytochemical composition, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-oxidant and cytotoxic properties of aqueous (water) and organic extracts (methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane) of Chenopodium glaucum. Highest phenolic content 45 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g d.w was found in aqueous extract followed by ethyl acetate (41mg GAE/g d.w) and methanol extract (34.46 mg GAE/g d.w). Antibacterial potential of aqueous and organic extracts of C. glaucum was examined against Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The aqueous, methanolic, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extract showed antibacterial activity against A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae, E. coli and S. epidermidis. However, against A. baumannii significantly higher inhibition zone (19 mm and 18.96 mm respectively) was shown by ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. Aqueous extract possessed highest growth inhibition (11 mm) against E. coli. Aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts showed 9 mm, 10 mm, and 10.33 mm zone of inhibition against the K. pneumoniae. For antifungal activity, the extracts were less effective against Aspergillus niger but showed strong antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus). The antioxidant activity was measured as DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), H.sub.2 O.sub.2 and ABTS (2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) scavenging activity of free radicals. All the organic extracts of C. glaucum possessed ABTS, DPPH and H.sub.2 O.sub.2 scavenging properties. The highest cytotoxic activity measured as half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) against human lungs carcinoma cells was recorded for methanolic (IC50 = 16 [mu]g/mL) and n-hexane (IC50 = 25 [mu]g/mL) extracts, respectively. The Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed 4 major and 26 minor compounds in n-hexane extract and 4 major and 7 minor compounds in methanol extract of the C. glaucum. It is concluded that aqueous and organic extracts of C. glaucum would be potential therapeutic agents and could be exploited on a pilot scale to treat human pathogenic diseases.