Immunological Aspects of Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes in Chinese

• Published in: Journal of Immunology Research Vol. 2016; no. 2016; pp. 1 - 6
• Main Authors: Lin, Jian, Dai, Zhijie, Tu, Yiting, Zheng, Ying, Wang, Zhen, Zhou, Z. G.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cairo, Egypt Hindawi Publishing Corporation 01.01.2016; John Wiley & Sons, Inc; Hindawi Limited
• Subjects: Adult; Antigens; Asian Continental Ancestry Group; Autoantibodies; Autoantibodies - blood; Autoimmunity; C-Peptide - immunology; Cation Transport Proteins - blood; Cation Transport Proteins - immunology; Cytokines; Cytokines - genetics; Development and progression; Diabetes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - ethnology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - immunology; Endocrinology; Female; Glutamate Decarboxylase - blood; Glutamate Decarboxylase - immunology; Humans; Immunology; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Interferon-gamma - metabolism; Interleukin-17 - genetics; Interleukin-4 - genetics; Islets of Langerhans; Leukocytes, Mononuclear - immunology; Lymphocytes; Male; Metabolism; Pancreatic beta cells; Pathogenesis; Pathology; Peptides; RNA; Studies; T cells; T-Lymphocytes - immunology; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Type 1 diabetes; Young Adult; Zinc Transporter 8
• ISSN: 2314-8861; 2314-7156
• DOI: 10.1155/2016/1858202

Background. Fulminant type 1 diabetes (FT1D) is a novel subtype of type 1 diabetes characterized by extremely rapid onset and complete deficiency of insulin due to the destruction of pancreatic β cells. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the etiology of this disease remain unclear. Methods. A total of 22 patients with FT1D and 10 healthy subjects were recruited. Serum antibodies to GAD, IA2, and ZnT8 in patients were tested. And peripheral T cell responses to GAD65, insulin B9–23 peptide, or C peptide were determined in 10 FT1D patients and 10 healthy controls. The mRNA levels of several related cytokines and molecules, such as IFN-γ, IL-4, RORC, and IL-17 in PBMCs from FT1D patients were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Result. We found that a certain proportion of Chinese FT1D patients actually have developed islet-related autoantibodies after onset of the disease. The GAD, insulin, or C peptide-reactive T cells were found in some FT1D patients. We also detected a significant increase for IFN-γ expression in FT1D PBMCs as compared with that of healthy controls. Conclusion. Autoimmune responses might be involved in the pathogenesis of Chinese FT1D.