Mycobacterium bovis-induced Aneurysm after Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Therapy: A Case Study and Literature Review

• Published in: Internal Medicine Vol. 57; no. 3; pp. 429 - 435
• Main Authors: Higashi, Yoshitsugu, Nakamura, Shigeki, Kidani, Kento, Matumoto, Kaoru, Kawago, Koyomi, Isobe, Junko, Kanatani, Junichi, Kawagishi, Yukio, Sakamaki, Ippei, Yamamoto, Yoshihiro
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Japan The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine 01.01.2018; Japan Science and Technology Agency
• Subjects: Aneurysm; aortic aneurysm; Bacillus; Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine; Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy; BCG; Cancer; Cardiovascular system; Case Report; Cattle; Computed tomography; Fever; Internal medicine; Literature reviews; multiplex polymerase chain reaction; Mycobacterium bovis; Polymerase chain reaction; Sputum; Tuberculosis; Urinary bladder; aortic aneurysm; Mycobacterium bovis; multiplex polymerase chain reaction; Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy
• ISSN: 0918-2918; 1349-7235; 1349-7235
• DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.9102-17

Mycobacterium bovis infection after intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy is rare. A 65-year-old Japanese man with history of bladder cancer and intravesical BCG therapy, presented with low-grade fever. An aneurysm with perianeurysmal fluid was suspected and endovascular aortic repair was performed. After 160 days, he developed blood-streaked sputum and computed tomography images revealed that the perianeurysmal fluid area was increasing in size. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction using sputum identified M. bovis. Treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs reduced the size of the perianeurysmal fluid area. After intravesical BCG therapy, the possibility of M. bovis infection should be considered, thus further investigations are required.