Molecular mechanisms of coronavirus RNA capping and methylation

The 5′-cap structures of eukaryotic m RNAs are important for RNA stability, pre-m RNA splicing,m RNA export, and protein translation. Many viruses have evolved mechanisms for generating their own cap structures with methylation at the N7 position of the capped guanine and the ribose 2′-Oposition of...

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Published in	Virologica Sinica Vol. 31; no. 1; pp. 3 - 11
Main Authors	Chen, Yu, Guo, Deyin
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Singapore Springer Singapore 01.02.2016 KeAi Publishing Communications Ltd
Subjects	Animals Biochemistry Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Coronaviridae Coronavirus - genetics Coronavirus - metabolism Coronavirus - physiology Coronavirus Infections - virology Coronaviruses genome Genomes Genomics Guanine Humans Immune system Innate immunity Medical Microbiology messenger RNA Methylation Microbial Genetics and Genomics Microbiology Models, Molecular Molecular modelling mRNA stability Oncology Protein transport Review Ribose RNA Caps - metabolism RNA transport RNA, Viral - genetics RNA, Viral - metabolism RNA, Viral - physiology Severe acute respiratory syndrome Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Splicing translation (genetics) Virology viruses 临床医学病毒学药物学 cap structure methyltransferase methylation coronavirus guanylyltransferase triphosphatase RNA capping
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Summary:	The 5′-cap structures of eukaryotic m RNAs are important for RNA stability, pre-m RNA splicing,m RNA export, and protein translation. Many viruses have evolved mechanisms for generating their own cap structures with methylation at the N7 position of the capped guanine and the ribose 2′-Oposition of the first nucleotide, which help viral RNAs escape recognition by the host innate immune system. The RNA genomes of coronavirus were identified to have 5′-caps in the early1980 s. However, for decades the RNA capping mechanisms of coronaviruses remained unknown.Since 2003, the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus has drawn increased attention and stimulated numerous studies on the molecular virology of coronaviruses. Here, we review the current understanding of the mechanisms adopted by coronaviruses to produce the 5′-cap structure and methylation modification of viral genomic RNAs.
Bibliography:	42-1760/Q coronavirus RNA capping triphosphatase guanylyltransferase methyltransferase cap structure methylation The 5′-cap structures of eukaryotic m RNAs are important for RNA stability, pre-m RNA splicing,m RNA export, and protein translation. Many viruses have evolved mechanisms for generating their own cap structures with methylation at the N7 position of the capped guanine and the ribose 2′-Oposition of the first nucleotide, which help viral RNAs escape recognition by the host innate immune system. The RNA genomes of coronavirus were identified to have 5′-caps in the early1980 s. However, for decades the RNA capping mechanisms of coronaviruses remained unknown.Since 2003, the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus has drawn increased attention and stimulated numerous studies on the molecular virology of coronaviruses. Here, we review the current understanding of the mechanisms adopted by coronaviruses to produce the 5′-cap structure and methylation modification of viral genomic RNAs. ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	1674-0769 1995-820X 1995-820X
DOI:	10.1007/s12250-016-3726-4