Molecular polymorphism distribution in phenotypically distinct populations of wine yeast strains

• Published in: Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 62; no. 6; pp. 1944 - 1950
• Main Authors: Nadal, D. (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Barcelona, Spain.), Colomer, B, Pina, B
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC American Society for Microbiology 01.06.1996
• Subjects: ADN; Biological and medical sciences; CARIOTIPOS; CARYOTYPE; CHAMPAGNE ET VIN MOUSSEUX; CHAMPAN Y VINO ESPUMOSO; DNA, Fungal - genetics; DNA, Fungal - isolation & purification; DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics; DNA, Mitochondrial - isolation & purification; ELECTROFORESIS; ELECTROPHORESE; ESPAGNE; ESPANA; FENOTIPOS; FERMENTACION; FERMENTATION; Fermented food industries; Food industries; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; GALACTOSA; GALACTOSE; Karyotyping; METABOLISME DES GLUCIDES; METABOLISMO DE CARBOHIDRATOS; MITOCHONDRIE; MITOCONDRIA; Molecular biology; MOSTO DE UVA; MOUT DE VIN; PHENOTYPE; POLIMORFISMO GENETICO; Polymorphism, Genetic; POLYMORPHISME GENETIQUE; RAISIN; Saccharomyces - classification; Saccharomyces - genetics; Saccharomyces - isolation & purification; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE; Spain; TECHNIQUE ANALYTIQUE; TECNICAS ANALITICAS; UVA; VARIEDADES; VARIETE; Wine - microbiology; Wines; Wines and vinegars; Yeast; Yeasts - classification; Yeasts - genetics; Yeasts - isolation & purification; Europe; Spain; Phenotype; Genetic variability; Selection; Production; Mitochondrial DNA; Sparkling wine; Karyotype; Wine yeast; Polymorphism
• ISSN: 0099-2240; 1098-5336
• DOI: 10.1128/aem.62.6.1944-1950.1996

Electrophoretic karyotyping and mitochondrial DNA restriction analysis were used to analyze natural yeast populations from fermenting musts in El Penedes, Spain. Both analyses revealed a considerable degree of polymorphism, indicating heterogeneous natural populations. By specifically designed genetic selection protocols, strains showing potentially interesting phenotypes, such as a high tolerance to ethanol and temperature or the ability to grow and to ferment in wine-water-sugar mixtures, were isolated from these natural populations. Genetic analysis showed a strong correlation between the selected phenotypes and mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms. Karyotype analysis revealed several genetically similar yeast lineages in the natural yeast microflora, which we interpret as genetically isolated subpopulations of yeast strains with distinct genetic traits, which may correspond to specific microenvironments. Thus, molecular polymorphism analysis may be useful not only to study the geographical distribution of natural yeast strains but also to identify strains with specific phenotypic properties