Diet or diet plus physical activity versus usual care in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: the Early ACTID randomised controlled trial

• Published in: The Lancet (British edition) Vol. 378; no. 9786; pp. 129 - 139
• Main Authors: Andrews, RC, Dr, Cooper, AR, PhD, Montgomery, AA, PhD, Norcross, AJ, MSc, Peters, TJ, Prof, Sharp, DJ, Prof, Jackson, N, BSc, Fitzsimons, K, PhD, Bright, J, MBA, Coulman, K, MSc, England, CY, BSc, Gorton, J, BSc, McLenaghan, A, RN, Paxton, E, BSc, Polet, A, BSc, Thompson, C, Dip HE, Dayan, CM, Prof
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 09.07.2011; Elsevier; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Adult; adults; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biological and medical sciences; Blood pressure; body weight; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - diet therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - therapy; Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance; Diet; drugs; Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases); Endocrinopathies; Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance; Exercise Therapy; Female; General aspects; glucose; glycemic control; Health Behavior; Health services; Heart attacks; hemoglobin; Hospitals; Humans; Insulin resistance; Intention to Treat Analysis; Internal Medicine; Intervention; Life Style; lifestyle; Male; Medical sciences; Metabolic diseases; Middle Aged; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; Nutrition; patients; physical activity; randomized clinical trials; Studies; Weight Loss; England; United Kingdom > UK; Endocrinopathy; Type 2 diabetes; Physical exercise; Human; Drug combination; Nutrition; Metabolic diseases; Patient; Early stage; Randomized controlled trial; Care; Feeding; Medicine; Diet; Clinical trial; Early; Comparative study
• ISSN: 0140-6736; 1474-547X
• DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60442-X

Summary Background Lifestyle changes soon after diagnosis might improve outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but no large trials have compared interventions. We investigated the effects of diet and physical activity on blood pressure and glucose concentrations. Methods We did a randomised, controlled trial in southwest England in adults aged 30–80 years in whom type 2 diabetes had been diagnosed 5–8 months previously. Participants were assigned usual care (initial dietary consultation and follow-up every 6 months; control group), an intensive diet intervention (dietary consultation every 3 months with monthly nurse support), or the latter plus a pedometer-based activity programme, in a 2:5:5 ratio. The primary endpoint was improvement in glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c ) concentration and blood pressure at 6 months. Analysis was done by intention to treat. This study is registered, number ISRCTN92162869. Findings Of 593 eligible individuals, 99 were assigned usual care, 248 the diet regimen, and 246 diet plus activity. Outcome data were available for 587 (99%) and 579 (98%) participants at 6 and 12 months, respectively. At 6 months, glycaemic control had worsened in the control group (mean baseline HbA1c percentage 6·72, SD 1·02, and at 6 months 6·86, 1·02) but improved in the diet group (baseline-adjusted difference in percentage of HbA1c −0·28%, 95% CI −0·46 to −0·10; p=0·005) and diet plus activity group (−0·33%, −0·51 to −0·14; p<0·001). These differences persisted to 12 months, despite less use of diabetes drugs. Improvements were also seen in bodyweight and insulin resistance between the intervention and control groups. Blood pressure was similar in all groups. Interpretation An intensive diet intervention soon after diagnosis can improve glycaemic control. The addition of an activity intervention conferred no additional benefit. Funding Diabetes UK and the UK Department of Health.