Artificial exosomes for translational nanomedicine

Exosomes are lipid bilayer membrane vesicles and are emerging as competent nanocarriers for drug delivery. The clinical translation of exosomes faces many challenges such as massive production, standard isolation, drug loading, stability and quality control. In recent years, artificial exosomes are...

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Published inJournal of nanobiotechnology Vol. 19; no. 1; pp. 242 - 20
Main Authors Li, Yong-Jiang, Wu, Jun-Yong, Liu, Jihua, Xu, Wenjie, Qiu, Xiaohan, Huang, Si, Hu, Xiong-Bin, Xiang, Da-Xiong
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England BioMed Central Ltd 12.08.2021
BioMed Central
BMC
Subjects
Animals
Artificial
Biocompatible Materials
Biomaterials
Biomedical materials
Biomimetics
Cancer
Cell organelles
Control stability
Design and construction
Drug carriers
Drug delivery
Drug Delivery Systems
Drugs
Exosomes
Exosomes - chemistry
Filtration
Humans
Lipid bilayers
Lipids
Liposomes
Materials
Membrane filters
Membrane lipids
Membrane vesicles
Mice
Nanomedicine
Nanomedicine - methods
Nanoparticles
Nanotechnology
Nitrogen
Peptides
Polyethylene glycol
Pore size
Proteins
Quality control
RAW 264.7 Cells
Review
Stem cells
Structure
Synthetic products
Translation
Translational research
Tumors
Vehicles
China
Artificial
Drug delivery
Exosomes
Nanomedicine
Biomaterials
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Summary:Exosomes are lipid bilayer membrane vesicles and are emerging as competent nanocarriers for drug delivery. The clinical translation of exosomes faces many challenges such as massive production, standard isolation, drug loading, stability and quality control. In recent years, artificial exosomes are emerging based on nanobiotechnology to overcome the limitations of natural exosomes. Major types of artificial exosomes include ‘nanovesicles (NVs)’, ‘exosome-mimetic (EM)’ and ‘hybrid exosomes (HEs)’, which are obtained by top-down, bottom-up and biohybrid strategies, respectively. Artificial exosomes are powerful alternatives to natural exosomes for drug delivery. Here, we outline recent advances in artificial exosomes through nanobiotechnology and discuss their strengths, limitations and future perspectives. The development of artificial exosomes holds great values for translational nanomedicine.
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ISSN:1477-3155
1477-3155
DOI:10.1186/s12951-021-00986-2