Novel recombinant porcine enterovirus G viruses lacking structural proteins are maintained in pig farms in Japan

• Published in: Journal of Veterinary Medical Science Vol. 85; no. 2; pp. 252 - 265
• Main Authors: IMAI, Ryo, RONGDUO, Wen, KAIXIN, Li, BORJIGIN, Sumiya, MATSUMURA, Hirofumi, MASUDA, Tsuneyuki, OZAWA, Takuji, OBA, Mami, MAKINO, Shinji, NAGAI, Makoto, MIZUTANI, Tetsuya
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Japan JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE 2023; Japan Science and Technology Agency; The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science
• Subjects: Animals; baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) repeat; Bats; Cysteine proteinase; Enterovirus Infections - veterinary; Enteroviruses; Enteroviruses, Porcine - genetics; Farms; Feces; Female; Genome, Viral; Genomes; genomic recombination; Hogs; Japan; Metagenomics; Neonates; Papain; papain-like cysteine protease; Phylogeny; porcine enterovirus G; porcine toro virus; Recombination, Genetic; Structural proteins; Swine; Swine Diseases; Virology; Weaning; Japan; genomic recombination; baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) repeat; porcine enterovirus G; papain-like cysteine protease; porcine toro virus
• ISSN: 0916-7250; 1347-7439; 1347-7439
• DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0505

Type 1 recombinant enterovirus G (EV-G), which carries the papain-like cysteine protease (PLCP) gene of torovirus between its 2C/3A regions, and type 2 recombinant EV-G, which carries the torovirus PLCP gene with its flanking regions having non-EV-G sequences in place of the viral structural genes, have been detected in pig farms in several countries. In a previous study, we collected 222 fecal samples from 77 pig farms from 2104 to 2016 and detected one type 2 recombinant EV-G genome by metagenomics sequencing. In this study, we reanalyzed the metagenomic data and detected 11 type 2 recombinant EV-G genomes. In addition, we discovered new type 2 recombinant EV-G genomes of the two strains from two pig farms samples in 2018 and 2019. Thus, we identified the genomes of 13 novel type 2 recombinant EV-Gs isolated from several pig farms in Japan. Type 2 recombinant EV-G has previously been detected only in neonatal piglets. The present findings suggest that type 2 recombinant EV-G replicates in weaning piglets and sows. The detection of type 1 recombinant EV-Gs and type 2 recombinant EV-Gs at 3-year and 2-year intervals, respectively, from the same pig farm suggests that the viruses were persistently infecting or circulating in these farms.