Ocular manifestations of Type 1 diabetes mellitus in pediatric population

• Published in: Indian journal of ophthalmology Vol. 64; no. 9; pp. 654 - 658
• Main Authors: Akil, Handan, Buluş, Ayse, Andiran, Nesibe, Alp, Mehmet
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: India Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd 01.09.2016; Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd; Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd; Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd; Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
• Subjects: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Corneal Diseases - diagnosis; Corneal thickness; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Complications - diagnosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - diagnosis; diabetic retinopathy; Diabetic Retinopathy - diagnosis; dry eye syndrome; Dry Eye Syndromes - diagnosis; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin A - metabolism; Glycosylated hemoglobin; Health screening; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Intraocular Pressure - physiology; Male; Ophthalmology; Original; Pediatrics; Prospective Studies; Software industry; Time Factors; Type 1 diabetes; Type 1 diabetes mellitus; Visual Acuity - physiology; United States; diabetic retinopathy; dry eye syndrome; Corneal thickness; Type 1 diabetes mellitus
• ISSN: 0301-4738; 1998-3689; 1998-3689
• DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.194336

Context: To evaluate the necessity of ocular screening in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Aims: This study aims to investigate the diabetes-related ocular changes according to the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level and duration of diabetes in children and compare the results with nondiabetic healthy children. Settings and Design: Observational cross-sectional study designed by ophthalmology and pediatric endocrinology clinics. Subjects and Methods: Forty-two children with Type 1 DM, 42 healthy gender- and age-matched children as controls were enrolled. All patients underwent ophthalmic and physical examination, with a review of medical history and current medication. HbA1c level, best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), tear break-up time (BUT), Schirmer test, dilated fundus examination findings, central retinal thickness (CRT), and total macular volume (TMV) measurements were noted. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics, Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Chi-square test for comparison of the group parameters and correlation analyses (Spearman analysis) were performed with SPSS statistical software 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: Type 1 DM group exhibited significantly reduced Schirmer test, increased IOP and decreased retinal thickness relative to the age-matched control group (P < 0.05) but no statistically significant difference was found for the BUT (P = 0.182) and for the CCT (P = 0.495). The correlations between the age, duration, HbA1c and IOP, BUT, Schirmer test, TMV, CRT measurements did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: More frequent screening may be needed for complications, including neuropathy-related dry eye syndrome, IOP changes, and diabetic retinopathy in children with Type 1 DM.