The biomarkers related to immune related adverse events caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors

The enthusiasm for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), an efficient tumor treatment model different from traditional treatment, is based on their unprecedented antitumor effect, but the occurrence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) is an obstacle to the prospect of ICI treatment. IrAEs are a...

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Published inJournal of experimental & clinical cancer research Vol. 39; no. 1; pp. 284 - 17
Main Authors Jia, Xiao-Hui, Geng, Lu-Ying, Jiang, Pan-Pan, Xu, Hong, Nan, Ke-Jun, Yao, Yu, Jiang, Li-Li, Sun, Hong, Qin, Tian-Jie, Guo, Hui
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England BioMed Central Ltd 14.12.2020
BioMed Central
BMC
Subjects
Antigens
Autoantibodies
Autoimmune diseases
Autoimmunity
B cells
Biological markers
Biomarkers
Cancer therapies
Complications and side effects
Cytokines
Dermatitis
Gastrointestinal system
Hypotheses
Immune checkpoint inhibitors
Immunotherapy
Inflammation
Inflammatory bowel disease
Ipilimumab
Kidney cancer
Lymphocytes
Medical prognosis
Melanoma
Patients
Pneumonia
Proteins
Review
Skin cancer
Tumors
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Summary:The enthusiasm for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), an efficient tumor treatment model different from traditional treatment, is based on their unprecedented antitumor effect, but the occurrence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) is an obstacle to the prospect of ICI treatment. IrAEs are a discrete toxicity caused by the nonspecific activation of the immune system and can affect almost all tissues and organs. Currently, research on biomarkers mainly focuses on the gastrointestinal tract, endocrine system, skin and lung. Several potential hypotheses concentrate on the overactivation of the immune system, excessive release of inflammatory cytokines, elevated levels of pre-existing autoantibodies, and presence of common antigens between tumors and normal tissues. This review lists the current biomarkers that might predict irAEs and their possible mechanisms for both nonspecific and organ-specific biomarkers. However, the prediction of irAEs remains a major clinical challenge to screen and identify patients who are susceptible to irAEs and likely to benefit from ICIs.
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ISSN:1756-9966
0392-9078
1756-9966
DOI:10.1186/s13046-020-01749-x