Toxic Effects of Antiparasitic Pesticides Used by the Salmon Industry in the Marine Amphipod Monocorophium insidiosum

• Published in: Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology Vol. 67; no. 2; pp. 139 - 148
• Main Authors: Tucca, Felipe, Díaz-Jaramillo, Mauricio, Cruz, Gabriel, Silva, Jeannette, Bay-Schmith, Enrique, Chiang, Gustavo, Barra, Ricardo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Boston Springer-Verlag 01.08.2014; Springer US; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Algae; Amphipoda; Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Animals; antiparasitic agents; Antiparasitic Agents - toxicity; Applied ecology; Aquaculture; Aquatic life; Bioassays; Biochemistry; Biological and medical sciences; Biomarkers; Chemical contaminants; confidence interval; Crustaceans; Cypermethrin; Deltamethrin; Diseases; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental monitoring; Enzymes; Exposure; Farms; fish culture; fish industry; Food contamination & poisoning; Free radicals; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Glutathione Transferase; Invertebrates; Laboratories; Lipid peroxidation; Marine and brackish environment; Monitoring/Environmental Analysis; mortality; nontarget organisms; Pesticide toxicity; Pesticides; Pollution; Salmon; Salmonidae; Sea water; Seafood; Seawater; Sediments; Shellfish; Soil Science & Conservation; Solvents; Studies; thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances; Toxicity; Toxicology; uncertainty; Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity; Acute Test; Biochemical Response; Solvent Control; Deltamethrin; Cypermethrin; Crustacea; Marine environment; Pollution; Salmon; Toxicity; Arthropoda; Pesticides; Parasiticide; Invertebrata; Organic compounds; Amphipoda; Aquaculture
• ISSN: 0090-4341; 1432-0703
• DOI: 10.1007/s00244-014-0008-8

The use of antiparasitic pesticides (APs) has been widely required by the salmon industry to treat diseases. The direct emission of chemicals in the seawater has produced uncertainty about the potential effects on nontarget organisms, such as crustaceans. The aim of this study was to assess the toxicity of three APs used by the salmon farm industry, such as emamectin benzoate (EB), cypermethrin (CP), and deltamethrin (DE), in the amphipod Monocorophium insidiosum during 10 days through whole-sediment bioassay tests. Lethal concentration by 50 % (LC₅₀–₁₀d) and biochemical responses, such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), were measured as exposure and effects end points, respectively. Acute assays for DE (7.8 μg kg⁻¹, confidence interval, CI₉₅% 5–11) and CP (57 μg kg⁻¹, CI₉₅% 41–77) showed more mortality than EB (890 μg kg⁻¹, CI₉₅% 672–1,171). In this study, it was possible to observe sublethal responses in amphipods after 2 days of exposure to APs. Significant induction in GST and TBARS (p < 0.05) were measured for CP and EB. Lower DE concentrations showed no significant biochemical responses. M. insidiosum was sensitive to AP concentrations at μg kg⁻¹ in sediments. This information would allow considering the possible consequences of detected concentrations for APs in areas with intensive salmon farming activity.