The Psychologist as an Interlocutor in Autism Spectrum Disorder Assessment: Insights from a Study of Spontaneous Prosody

• Published in: Journal of speech, language, and hearing research Vol. 57; no. 4; pp. 1162 - 1177
• Main Authors: Bone, Daniel, Lee, Chi-Chun, Black, Matthew P, Williams, Marian E, Lee, Sungbok, Levitt, Pat, Narayanan, Shrikanth
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) 01.08.2014; American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
• Subjects: Acoustic Stimulation - methods; Acoustic Stimulation - psychology; Acoustics; Adolescent; Autism; Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule; Autism Spectrum Disorder - diagnosis; Autism Spectrum Disorder - psychology; Autism Spectrum Disorders; Behavior; Child; Child, Preschool; Children; Communication; Correlation; Cues; Diagnosis; Evaluation; Expressive Language; Female; Humans; Interpersonal Relationship; Intonation; Language Skills; Male; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; Nonverbal Communication; Observation; Pervasive Developmental Disorders; Physician-Patient Relations; Prosodic analysis (Linguistics); Psychologists; Psychology; Quality; Regression (Statistics); Researchers; Semi Structured Interviews; Severity (of Disability); Severity of Illness Index; Speech; Speech Disorders - etiology; Speech Disorders - psychology; Studies; Suprasegmentals; Voice Quality
• ISSN: 1092-4388; 1558-9102
• DOI: 10.1044/2014_JSLHR-S-13-0062

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between prosodic speech cues and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) severity, hypothesizing a mutually interactive relationship between the speech characteristics of the psychologist and the child. The authors objectively quantified acoustic-prosodic cues of the psychologist and of the child with ASD during spontaneous interaction, establishing a methodology for future large-sample analysis. Method: Speech acoustic-prosodic features were semiautomatically derived from segments of semistructured interviews (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, ADOS; Lord, Rutter, DiLavore, & Risi, 1999; Lord et al., 2012) with 28 children who had previously been diagnosed with ASD. Prosody was quantified in terms of intonation, volume, rate, and voice quality. Research hypotheses were tested via correlation as well as hierarchical and predictive regression between ADOS severity and prosodic cues. Results: Automatically extracted speech features demonstrated prosodic characteristics of dyadic interactions. As rated ASD severity increased, both the psychologist and the child demonstrated effects for turn-end pitch slope, and both spoke with atypical voice quality. The psychologist's acoustic cues predicted the child's symptom severity better than did the child's acoustic cues. Conclusion: The psychologist, acting as evaluator and interlocutor, was shown to adjust his or her behavior in predictable ways based on the child's social-communicative impairments. The results support future study of speech prosody of both interaction partners during spontaneous conversation, while using automatic computational methods that allow for scalable analysis on much larger corpora.