Use of Single-Injection Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vaccine to Protect Nonhuman Primates Against Lethal Nipah Virus Disease

• Published in: Emerging infectious diseases Vol. 25; no. 6; pp. 1144 - 1152
• Main Authors: Mire, Chad E, Geisbert, Joan B, Agans, Krystle N, Versteeg, Krista M, Deer, Daniel J, Satterfield, Benjamin A, Fenton, Karla A, Geisbert, Thomas W
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States U.S. National Center for Infectious Diseases 01.06.2019; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• Subjects: Animals; Chlorocebus aethiops; Development and progression; Female; Glycoproteins; Health aspects; Henipavirus; Henipavirus Infections - mortality; Henipavirus Infections - prevention & control; Henipavirus Infections - veterinary; Henipavirus Infections - virology; Immunity, Humoral; Immunoglobulin G; Male; Medical research; Monkey Diseases - pathology; Monkey Diseases - virology; Nipah Virus; nonhuman primates; Primates; Protection and preservation; Stomatitis; Use of Single-Injection Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vaccine to Protect Nonhuman Primates Against Lethal Nipah Virus Disease; Vaccination; Vaccines; Vesiculovirus - immunology; Viral Load; Viral Vaccines - immunology; Virus diseases; viruses; Zoonoses; Bangladesh; Malaysia; Texas; India; viruses; vaccines; vesicular stomatitis virus; zoonoses; Nipah virus; Henipavirus; nonhuman primates
• ISSN: 1080-6040; 1080-6059
• DOI: 10.3201/eid2506.181620

Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic pathogen that causes high case-fatality rates (CFRs) in humans. Two NiV strains have caused outbreaks: the Malaysia strain (NiV ), discovered in 1998-1999 in Malaysia and Singapore (≈40% CFR); and the Bangladesh strain (NiV ), discovered in Bangladesh and India in 2001 (≈80% CFR). Recently, NiV in African green monkeys resulted in a more severe and lethal disease than NiV . No NiV vaccines or treatments are licensed for human use. We assessed replication-restricted single-injection recombinant vesicular stomatitis vaccine NiV vaccine vectors expressing the NiV glycoproteins against NiV challenge in African green monkeys. All vaccinated animals survived to the study endpoint without signs of NiV disease; all showed development of NiV F Ig, NiV G IgG, or both, as well as neutralizing antibody titers. These data show protective efficacy against a stringent and relevant NiV model of human infection.