Malaria in highlands of Ecuador since 1900

• Published in: Emerging infectious diseases Vol. 18; no. 4; pp. 615 - 622
• Main Authors: Pinault, Lauren L, Hunter, Fiona F
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States U.S. National Center for Infectious Diseases 01.04.2012; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• Subjects: Altitude; Andes Mountains; Animals; Anopheles; Anopheles - parasitology; Anopheles albimanus; Anopheles pseudopunctipennis; Canada; Ecuador; Ecuador - epidemiology; Epidemics; Health aspects; Historical Review; History, 20th Century; Humans; Incidence; Insect Vectors - parasitology; Malaria; Malaria - epidemiology; Malaria - history; Malaria - prevention & control; parasites; Ecuador; Canada
• ISSN: 1080-6040; 1080-6059
• DOI: 10.3201/eid1804.111267

A recent epidemic of malaria in the highlands of Bolivia and establishment of multiple Anopheles species mosquitoes in the highlands of Ecuador highlights the reemergence of malaria in the Andes Mountains in South America. Because malaria was endemic to many highland valleys at the beginning of the 20th century, this review outlines the 20th century history of malaria in the highlands of Ecuador, and focuses on its incidence (e.g., geographic distribution) and elimination from the northern highland valleys of Pichincha and Imbabura and the role of the Guayaquil to Quito railway in creating highland larval habitat and inadvertently promoting transportation of the vector and parasite. Involvement of control organizations in combating malaria in Ecuador is also outlined in a historical context.