Trophic eggs compensate for poor offspring feeding capacity in a subsocial burrower bug
Various animals produce inviable eggs or egg-like structures called trophic eggs, which are presumed to be an extended maternal investment for the offspring. However, there is little knowledge about the ecological or physiological constraints associated with their evolutionary origin. Trophic eggs o...
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Published in | Biology letters (2005) Vol. 7; no. 2; pp. 194 - 196 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
England
The Royal Society
23.04.2011
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Various animals produce inviable eggs or egg-like structures called trophic eggs, which are presumed to be an extended maternal investment for the offspring. However, there is little knowledge about the ecological or physiological constraints associated with their evolutionary origin. Trophic eggs of the seminivorous subsocial burrower bug (Canthophorus niveimarginatus) have some unique characteristics. Trophic eggs are obligate for nymphal survival, and first-instar nymphs die without them. To identify the cause of nymphal death, we hypothesized that first-instar nymphs starve to death because they cannot feed on anything but trophic eggs. Although first-instar nymphs fed on artificially exposed endosperm did survive, nymphs that were provided with intact seed were not able to penetrate the seed vessel and starved to death. Another hypothesis that trophic eggs play a role in transferring the midgut symbiont, essential for survival in heteropteran bugs, from mother to offspring was rejected because almost all nymphs had retained the symbiont without feeding on trophic eggs. These results suggest that poor feeding capacity of the offspring is the cause of nymphal death, and the important constraint that promotes the evolution of the curious trophic egg system in C. niveimarginatus. |
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Bibliography: | ArticleID:rsbl20100707 istex:25A288161ED1F4C7D9F9FA5C1C4270851C1403B5 href:rsbl20100707.pdf ark:/67375/V84-VCXGM546-Z ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1 |
ISSN: | 1744-9561 1744-957X |
DOI: | 10.1098/rsbl.2010.0707 |