Effects of exercise and milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) supplementation on body composition, physical function, and hematological parameters in community-dwelling frail Japanese women: a randomized double blind, placebo-controlled, follow-up trial

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 10; no. 2; p. e0116256
• Main Authors: Kim, Hunkyung, Suzuki, Takao, Kim, Miji, Kojima, Narumi, Ota, Noriyasu, Shimotoyodome, Akira, Hase, Tadashi, Hosoi, Erika, Yoshida, Hideyo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 06.02.2015; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Activities of daily living; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analysis; Body composition; Body Composition - drug effects; Body weight loss; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; Clinical trials; Communities; Confidence intervals; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Double-blind studies; Elderly; Exercise; Exhaustion; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Frailty; Geriatrics; Glycolipids - administration & dosage; Glycoproteins - administration & dosage; Hematology; Humans; Insulin; Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3; Insulin-like growth factors; Intervention; Milk fat globule membranes; Muscle strength; Nutrition; Older people; Parameters; Phenotypes; Physical activity; Physical fitness; Physical training; Physiological aspects; Protein binding; Statistical analysis; Statistical methods; Studies; Time Factors; Walking; Weight Loss - drug effects; Japan
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116256

To investigate the combined and separate effects of exercise and milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) supplementation on frailty, physical function, physical activity level, and hematological parameters in community-dwelling elderly Japanese women. A total of 131 frail, elderly women over 75 years were randomly assigned to one of four groups: exercise and MFGM supplementation (Ex+MFGM), exercise and placebo (Ex+Plac), MFGM supplementation, or the placebo group. The exercise group attended a 60-minute training program twice a week for three months, and the MFGM group ingested 1g of the MFGM supplement in pill form, daily for 3 months. The primary outcome measure was change in frailty status based on Fried's frailty phenotype. Secondary outcome measures included body composition, physical function and hematological parameters, and interview survey components assessing lifestyle factors. Participants were followed for 4 months post-intervention. Significant group × time interactions were observed for usual walking speed (P = 0.005), timed up & go (P<0.001), and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3/insulin-like growth factor 1 ratio (P = 0.013). The frailty components revealed that weight loss, exhaustion, low physical activity, and slow walking speed were reversed, but low muscle strength did not significantly changed. Frailty reversal rate was significantly higher in the Ex+MFGM (57.6%) than in the MFGM (28.1%) or placebo (30.3%) groups at post-intervention (χ2 = 8.827, P = 0.032), and at the follow-up was also significantly greater in the Ex+MFGM (45.5%) and Ex+Plac (39.4%) groups compared with the placebo (15.2%) group (χ2 = 8.607, P = 0.035). The exercise+MFGM group had the highest odds ratio (OR) for frailty reversal at post-intervention and follow-up (OR = 3.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13-8.60; and OR = 4.67, 95% CI = 1.45-15.08, respectively). This study suggests that interventions including exercise and nutrition can improve frailty status. Statistically significant additive effects of MFGM with exercise could not be confirmed in this population, and further investigation in larger samples is necessary. The Japan Medical Association Clinical Trial Registry (JMACCT)JMA-IIA00069.