Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

• Published in: Clinical neurophysiology Vol. 125; no. 11; pp. 2150 - 2206
• Main Authors: Lefaucheur, Jean-Pascal, André-Obadia, Nathalie, Antal, Andrea, Ayache, Samar S, Baeken, Chris, Benninger, David H, Cantello, Roberto M, Cincotta, Massimo, de Carvalho, Mamede, De Ridder, Dirk, Devanne, Hervé, Di Lazzaro, Vincenzo, Filipović, Saša R, Hummel, Friedhelm C, Jääskeläinen, Satu K, Kimiskidis, Vasilios K, Koch, Giacomo, Langguth, Berthold, Nyffeler, Thomas, Oliviero, Antonio, Padberg, Frank, Poulet, Emmanuel, Rossi, Simone, Rossini, Paolo Maria, Rothwell, John C, Schönfeldt-Lecuona, Carlos, Siebner, Hartwig R, Slotema, Christina W, Stagg, Charlotte J, Valls-Sole, Josep, Ziemann, Ulf, Paulus, Walter, Garcia-Larrea, Luis
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.11.2014; Elsevier
• Subjects: Cerebral Cortex - physiopathology; Cognitive science; Cortex; Epilepsy - physiopathology; Epilepsy - therapy; Evidence-Based Medicine; Human health and pathology; Humans; Indication; Life Sciences; Mental Disorders - physiopathology; Mental Disorders - therapy; Movement Disorders - physiopathology; Movement Disorders - therapy; Multiple Sclerosis - physiopathology; Multiple Sclerosis - therapy; Neurological disease; Neurology; Neuromodulation; Neuroscience; Noninvasive brain stimulation; Psychiatric disease; Stroke - physiopathology; Stroke - therapy; Tissues and Organs; TMS; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - methods; Treatment; figure-of-eight coil; resting motor threshold; PT; high-frequency; Montgomery–Asberg depression rating scale; active motor threshold; transcranial magnetic stimulation; Psychiatric disease; BPRS; primary somatosensory cortex; scale for the assessment of negative symptoms; QPS; temporoparietal cortex; brain-derived neurotrophic factor; PANSS; HDRS; rCBF; Hamilton depression rating scale; inferior frontal gyrus; FCD; SMA; gamma-aminobutyric acid; MADRS; dPMC; posttraumatic stress disorder; action research arm test; EMCS; continuous theta burst stimulation; DPD; ARAT; S1; long-term potentiation; S2; FDA; Indication; BDI; obsessive-compulsive disorder; TPC; FDG; (f)MRI; JTT; cTBS; SPECT; PaD; 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose; auditory hallucination rating scale; complex regional pain syndrome; ISI; primary motor cortex; Noninvasive brain stimulation; CGI; DLPFC; BDNF; Yale–Brown obsessive compulsive scale; MSO; 9HPT; maximum stimulator output; positive and negative symptoms scale; PTSD; H-coil; clinical global impression scale; ECT; RMT; NICE; double-cone coil; LF; physical therapy; regional cerebral blood flow; low-frequency; Cc; Hesed coil; PAS; M1; (repetitive) transcranial magnetic stimulation; ALS; blood-oxygen-level-dependent; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; Neuromodulation; transcranial direct current stimulation; Epidural motor cortex stimulation; scale for the assessment of positive symptoms; motor evoked potential; DBS; (functional) magnetic resonance imaging; BOLD; Neurological disease; CANMAT; Food and Drug Administration; Beck depression inventory; EEG; long-term depression; single photon emission computed tomography; Cortex; AMT; iTBS; brief psychiatric rating scale; CRPS; Y–BOCS; deep brain stimulation; interstimuli interval; focal cortical dysplasia; circular coil; supplementary motor area; secondary somatosensory cortex; 9-hole pegboard test; SANS; AHRS; GABA; MEP; quadripulse magnetic stimulation; LTD; VS; panic disorder; DCc; LTP; electroconvulsive therapy; IFG; Jebsen–Taylor hand function test; unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale; vegetative state; depersonalization disorder; UPDRS; National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence; electroencephalography; clinician-administered PTSD scale; (r)TMS; paired associative stimulation; intermittent theta burst stimulation; F8c; OCD; Treatment; PD; tDCS; Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments; SAPS; TMS; positron emission tomography; CAPS; HF; Parkinson’s disease; PET; dorsal premotor cortex
• ISSN: 1388-2457; 1872-8952
• DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.05.021

Highlights • Numerous studies have shown that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) produced significant clinical effects in patients with various neurological and psychiatric disorders. • This review presents guidelines on the therapeutic use of rTMS issued by a group of European experts. • Level A or B evidence supports an efficacy of rTMS protocols in depression, pain, motor stroke and schizophrenia.