Prospective Validation of the Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) Score for Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Extremities

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 15; no. 1; p. e0227748
• Main Authors: Hsiao, Cheng-Ting, Chang, Chia-Peng, Huang, Tsung-Yu, Chen, Yi-Chuan, Fann, Wen-Chih
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 24.01.2020; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Accuracy; Aged; Antibiotics; Blood; Cellulitis; Cellulitis - blood; Cellulitis - diagnosis; Cellulitis - mortality; Clinical Decision-Making - methods; Confidence intervals; Decision Support Techniques; Diagnosis, Differential; Emergency medical care; Emergency medical services; Extremities; Fasciitis; Fasciitis, Necrotizing - blood; Fasciitis, Necrotizing - diagnosis; Fasciitis, Necrotizing - mortality; Female; Health aspects; Hemoglobin; Hospitals; Humans; Indicators; Infection; Laboratories; Magnetic resonance imaging; Male; Medical diagnosis; Medical research; Medicine; Medicine and Health Sciences; Middle Aged; Mortality; Necrotizing fasciitis; Patients; Performance evaluation; Predictive Value of Tests; Prospective Studies; Research and Analysis Methods; Retrospective Studies; Risk; Risk Assessment - methods; Risk Factors; ROC Curve; Sensitivity; Soft Tissue Infections - blood; Soft Tissue Infections - diagnosis; Soft Tissue Infections - mortality; Soft tissues; Streptococcus infections; Taiwan
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227748

The Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis score was developed as a clinical decision tool for distinguishing necrotizing fasciitis from other soft tissue infections. We prospectively evaluated the performance of the Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis score for the diagnosis of patients with necrotizing fasciitis in the extremities. We conducted a prospective and observational cohort study of emergency department patients with necrotizing fasciitis or severe cellulitis in the extremities between April 2015 and December 2016. The Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis score was calculated for every enrolled patient. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of cut-off scores of 6 and 8 were evaluated. The accuracy of the Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis score was expressed as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. A total of 106 patients with necrotizing fasciitis and 825 patients with cellulitis were included. With an Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis cut-off score ≥6, the sensitivity was 43% (95% confidence interval 34% to 53%), specificity was 83% (95% confidence interval 80% to 86%), positive predictive value was 25% (95% confidence interval 20% to 30%), and negative predictive value was 92% (95% confidence interval 91% to 93%); with an Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis cut-off score ≥8, the sensitivity was 27% (95% confidence interval 19% to 37%), specificity was 93% (95% confidence interval 91% to 94%), positive predictive value was 33% (95% confidence interval 25% to 42%), and negative predictive value was 91% (95% confidence interval 90% to 92%). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for accuracy of the Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis score was 0.696 (95% CI 0.640 to 0.751). The Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis score may not be an accurate tool for necrotizing fasciitis risk stratification and differentiation between severe cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis in the emergency department setting based on our study.