Noncoding RNAs in cancer therapy resistance and targeted drug development

• Published in: Journal of hematology and oncology Vol. 12; no. 1; pp. 55 - 15
• Main Authors: Wang, Wen-Tao, Han, Cai, Sun, Yu-Meng, Chen, Tian-Qi, Chen, Yue-Qin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 07.06.2019; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Adenoviruses; Antineoplastic agents; Biosynthesis; Cancer; Cancer therapies; Cell cycle; Chemoresistance; Chemotherapy; Clinical trials; Complications and side effects; Delivery strategies; Deoxyribonucleic acid; Design; Dihydrofolate reductase; Disease resistance; DNA; Drug development; Drug resistance; Drug therapy; Enzymes; Gene expression; Genetic aspects; Genomes; Hematology; Kinases; Metastasis; MicroRNA; Mortality; Mutation; Nanoparticles; ncRNA; Non-coding RNA; Nucleic acids; Oncology; Physiological aspects; Proteins; Radiation therapy; Radioresistance; Radiotherapy; Recurrence (Disease); Review; Ribonucleic acid; RNA; Therapeutic applications; Therapeutic approaches; Therapeutics; Translational application; Tumors; China; Delivery strategies; Radioresistance; Translational application; ncRNA; Therapeutic approaches; Chemoresistance
• ISSN: 1756-8722; 1756-8722
• DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0748-z

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent a large segment of the human transcriptome and have been shown to play important roles in cellular physiology and disease pathogenesis. Increasing evidence on the functional roles of ncRNAs in cancer progression emphasizes the potential of ncRNAs for cancer treatment. Here, we summarize the roles of ncRNAs in disease relapse and resistance to current standard chemotherapy and radiotherapy; the current research progress on ncRNAs for clinical and/or potential translational applications, including the identification of ncRNAs as therapeutic targets; therapeutic approaches for ncRNA targeting; and ncRNA delivery strategies in potential clinical translation. Several ongoing clinical trials of novel RNA-based therapeutics were also emphasized. Finally, we discussed the perspectives and obstacles to different target combinations, delivery strategies, and system designs for ncRNA application. The next approved nucleic acid drug to treat cancer patients may realistically be on the horizon.