Astrocytes: a double-edged sword in neurodegenerative diseases

Astrocytes play multifaceted and vital roles in maintaining neurophysiological function of the central nervous system by regulating homeostasis, increasing synaptic plasticity, and sustaining neuroprotective effects. Astrocytes become activated as a result of inflammatory responses during the progre...

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Published inNeural regeneration research Vol. 16; no. 9; pp. 1702 - 1710
Main Authors Ding, Zhi-Bin, Song, Li-Juan, Wang, Qing, Kumar, Gajendra, Yan, Yu-Qing, Ma, Cun-Gen
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published India Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd 01.09.2021
Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd
Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd
Department of Neurology, Affiliated Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China%The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China%Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China%The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi Province, China
The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Subjects
a1; a2; astrocytes; neurodegenerative diseases; neuroinflammation; neuron; neuroprotection; neurotoxicity; polarization; reactivity
Astrocytes
Degeneration
Health aspects
Nervous system
Neurodegeneration
Neurological research
Review
China
A1
A2
neurodegenerative diseases
reactivity
neurotoxicity
neuroinflammation
neuroprotection
neuron
polarization
astrocytes
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Summary:Astrocytes play multifaceted and vital roles in maintaining neurophysiological function of the central nervous system by regulating homeostasis, increasing synaptic plasticity, and sustaining neuroprotective effects. Astrocytes become activated as a result of inflammatory responses during the progression of pathological changes associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Reactive astrocytes (neurotoxic A1 and neuroprotective A2) are triggered during disease progression and pathogenesis due to neuroinflammation and ischemia. However, only a limited body of literature describes morphological and functional changes of astrocytes during the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The present review investigated the detrimental and beneficial roles of astrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases reported in recent studies, as these cells have promising therapeutic potential and offer new approaches for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Both authors contributed equally to this work.
Author contributions: ZBD, LJS, and QW outlined and drafted the manuscript. CGM helped coordinate and draft the manuscript. GK, YQY and CGM revised the manuscript for important intellectual content. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript for publication.
ISSN:1673-5374
1876-7958
DOI:10.4103/1673-5374.306064