How neighborhoods influence child maltreatment: A review of the literature and alternative pathways

• Published in: Child abuse & neglect Vol. 31; no. 11; pp. 1117 - 1142
• Main Authors: Coulton, Claudia J, Crampton, David S, Irwin, Molly, Spilsbury, James C, Korbin, Jill E
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01.11.2007; New York, NY Elsevier; Elsevier Science; Elsevier Science Ltd
• Subjects: Behavior; Biological and medical sciences; Causality; Child; Child Abuse; Child abuse & neglect; Child maltreatment; Child Rearing; Disadvantaged; Disadvantaged people; Etiology; Guidelines; Humans; Influences; Literature reviews; Medical sciences; Neighborhoods; Neighbourhoods; Parenting Styles; Parents & parenting; Pediatrics; Prevention; Psychiatry; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychopathology. Psychiatry; Public Agencies; Research methods; Residence Characteristics; Socioeconomic Status; Stress Variables; Surveys; United States; Victimology; United States; Etiology; Child maltreatment; Neighborhoods; Human; Child abuse; Risk factor; Residential neighborhoods; Review; Victimology; Ecological approach; Child
• ISSN: 0145-2134; 1873-7757
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.03.023

Abstract Objective To review the literature on the relationships between neighborhoods and child maltreatment and identify future directions for research in this area. Method A search of electronic databases and a survey of experts yielded a list of 25 studies on the influence of geographically defined neighborhoods on child maltreatment. These studies were then critically reviewed by an interdisciplinary research team. Results Numerous studies demonstrate that child maltreatment cases are concentrated in disadvantaged areas. A number of socio-economic characteristics of neighborhoods have been shown to correlate with child maltreatment rates as measured by official reports to child protective service agencies. Only a few studies examine direct measures of parenting behaviors associated with maltreatment, and these show a weaker relationship with neighborhood disadvantage. Moreover, the processes that link neighborhood conditions to either maltreatment reports or parenting behaviors are not yet confirmed by the research literature. Selection bias, neighborhood definitions and spatial influences are largely uncontrolled in the existing research. Conclusions We propose a framework for pursuing further study of neighborhoods and child maltreatment that addresses the gaps in the current literature. Neighborhood-based strategies to prevent and reduce child maltreatment will be enhanced by research that provides a better understanding of how neighborhood conditions act as stressors or supports for families at risk of child maltreatment.