Extracellular microvesicle microRNAs as predictive biomarkers for targeted therapy in metastastic cutaneous malignant melanoma

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 13; no. 11; p. e0206942
• Main Authors: Svedman, Fernanda Costa, Lohcharoenkal, Warangkana, Bottai, Matteo, Brage, Suzanne Egyhazi, Sonkoly, Enikö, Hansson, Johan, Pivarcsi, Andor, Eriksson, Hanna
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 2018; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Biology and life sciences; Biomarkers; Cancer therapies; Chemotherapy; Correlation analysis; Dermatology; Disease control; Gene expression; Kinases; Medical prognosis; Medical treatment; Medicin och hälsovetenskap; Medicine; Medicine and Health Sciences; Melanoma; Metastases; Metastasis; MicroRNAs; miRNA; Oncology; Pathology; Patients; Performance prediction; Protein kinase; Proteins; Ribonucleic acid; RNA; Skin cancer; Therapy; Sweden
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206942

Mitogen activated-protein kinase pathway inhibitors (MAPKis) improve treatment outcome in patients with disseminated BRAFV600 mutant cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) but responses are of limited duration due to emerging resistance. Although extensive research in mechanisms of resistance is being performed, predictive biomarkers for durable responses are still lacking. We used miRNA qPCR to investigate if different levels of extracellular microvesicle microRNA (EV miRNA) in matched plasma samples collected from patients with metastatic IV BRAFV600 mutated CMM before, during and after therapy with MAPKis could serve as predictive biomarkers. EV miRNAs were extracted from plasma samples from 28 patients collected before and during therapy, measured by quantitative PCR-array and correlated to therapy outcome. Increased levels of EV let-7g-5p during treatment compared to before treatment (EV let-7g-5p_delta) were associated with better disease control with MAPKis (odds ratio 8568.4, 95% CI = 4.8-1.5e+07, P = 0.000036). Elevated levels of EV miR-497-5p during therapy were associated with prolonged progression free survival (PFS) (hazard ratio = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.13-0.52, P <0.000061). EV miRNAs let-7g-5p and miR-497-5p were identified as putative novel predictive biomarkers of MAPKi treatment benefit in metastatic CMM patients highlighting the potential relevance of assessing EV miRNA during and after treatment to unravel novel mechanisms of resistance.