Non‐small cell lung cancer in China

• Published in: Cancer communications (London, England) Vol. 42; no. 10; pp. 937 - 970
• Main Authors: Chen, Peixin, Liu, Yunhuan, Wen, Yaokai, Zhou, Caicun
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.10.2022; John Wiley and Sons Inc; Wiley
• Subjects: Age; B7-H1 Antigen - metabolism; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - epidemiology; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - genetics; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - therapy; Cell death; Chemotherapy; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; clinical guidelines; Clinical practice guidelines; clinical trials; Epidermal growth factor; epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation; Health risks; Humans; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Immunotherapy; Kinases; Lung cancer; Lung Neoplasms - epidemiology; Lung Neoplasms - genetics; Lung Neoplasms - therapy; Lymphoma; Males; Medical screening; Mortality; Mutation; non‐small cell lung cancer; Pathology; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - metabolism; programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1); programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1); Radiation therapy; Review; Reviews; Sarcoma; Science education; screening; targeted therapy; Tomography; United States > US; China; non-small cell lung cancer; targeted therapy; screening; clinical guidelines; programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1); immunotherapy; clinical trials; programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1); epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation
• ISSN: 2523-3548; 2523-3548
• DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12359

In China, lung cancer is a primary cancer type with high incidence and mortality. Risk factors for lung cancer include tobacco use, family history, radiation exposure, and the presence of chronic lung diseases. Most early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients miss the optimal timing for treatment due to the lack of clinical presentations. Population‐based nationwide screening programs are of significant help in increasing the early detection and survival rates of NSCLC in China. The understanding of molecular carcinogenesis and the identification of oncogenic drivers dramatically facilitate the development of targeted therapy for NSCLC, thus prolonging survival in patients with positive drivers. In the exploration of immune escape mechanisms, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1)/programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) inhibitor monotherapy and PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy have become a standard of care for advanced NSCLC in China. In the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology's guidelines for NSCLC, maintenance immunotherapy is recommended for locally advanced NSCLC after chemoradiotherapy. Adjuvant immunotherapy and neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy will be approved for resectable NSCLC. In this review, we summarized recent advances in NSCLC in China in terms of epidemiology, biology, molecular pathology, pathogenesis, screening, diagnosis, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.