Responses of the European flounder (Platichthys flesus) to a mixture of PAHs and PCBs in experimental conditions

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 21; no. 24; pp. 13789 - 13803
• Main Authors: Dupuy, Célie, Galland, Claire, Devaux, Alain, Bony, Sylvie, Loizeau, Véronique, Danion, Morgane, Pichereau, Vianney, Fournier, Michel, Laroche, Jean
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 01.12.2014; Springer Berlin Heidelberg; Springer Nature B.V; Springer Verlag
• Subjects: Animals; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; betaine; Betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase; Bioassays; Biodiversity and Ecology; Biomarkers; Biomarkers - metabolism; Comet Assay; complement; Complement component C3; Contamination; correlation; Cytochrome; cytochrome P-450; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 - metabolism; Cytochrome P450; Cytochrome-c oxidase; Damage; Deoxyribonucleic acid; Detoxification; DNA; DNA Damage; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental Sciences; Enzymes; Estuaries; Fish Proteins - metabolism; flounder; Flounder - genetics; Flounder - metabolism; Food contamination; Food contamination & poisoning; Gene expression; Homocysteine; Immune system; Juveniles; Laboratories; Liver - metabolism; Lysozyme; Metabolism; PAHs and fish – Exposure monitoring and adverse effects – from molecular to individual level; PCB; pellets; Platichthys flesus; Pollutants; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Polychlorinated Biphenyls - analysis; Polychlorinated Biphenyls - metabolism; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - metabolism; Recovery; Sediments; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis; Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism; Water Pollution Control; France; ANE, France, Haute-Normandie, Seine Estuary; PCBs; Biomarker; DNA damage; Immunotoxicity; Fish; Detoxification process; PAHs; Mixture of contaminants; ACL
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2563-y

A multibiomarker approach was developed to evaluate the juvenile European flounder responses to a complex mixture of 9 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 12 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Exposure was performed through contaminated food pellets displaying: (1) PAH and PCB levels similar to those detected in the heavily polluted Seine estuary, respectively in sediments and in flatfish and (2) ten times these concentrations. Several biomarkers of the immune system (e.g., lysozyme concentration and gene expression of complement component C3 and TNF-receptor), DNA damage (e.g., Comet assay), energetic metabolism (e.g., activity of cytochrome C oxidase), detoxification process (e.g., cytochrome P450 1A1 expression level: CYP1A1; betaine homocysteine methyl transferase expression level: BHMT) were investigated after 14 and 29 days of contamination, followed by a 14-days recovery period. After 29 days of contamination, the detoxification activity (CYP1A1 expression level) was positively correlated with DNA damages; the increase of the BHMT expression level could also be related to the detoxification process. Furthermore, after the recovery period, some biomarkers were still upregulated (i.e., CYP1A1 and BHMT expression levels). The immune system was significantly modulated by the chemical stress at the two concentration levels, and the lysozyme appeared to be the most sensitive marker of the mixture impact.