Wireless Sensing for Material Identification: A Survey

• Published in: IEEE Communications surveys and tutorials p. 1
• Main Authors: Chen, Yande, Xu, Chongzhi, Li, Kexin, Zhang, Jia, Guo, Xiuzhen, Jin, Meng, Zheng, Xiaolong, He, Yuan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: IEEE 05.09.2024
• Subjects: Contactless sensing; Device-free sensing; Material identification; Object recognition; RF signals; Sensors; Surveys; Taxonomy; Time-domain analysis; Wireless communication; Wireless sensing
• ISSN: 2373-745X
• DOI: 10.1109/COMST.2024.3456076

As an application of fine-grained wireless sensing, RF-based material identification follows the paradigm of RF computing that fetches the information during RF signal propagation. Specifically, the RF signal accesses the objects' material-related information and carries the information with its electromagnetic properties. With a variety of important applications, research on RF-based material identification has gained significant progress in recent years. However, several fundamental problems remain insufficiently studied, such as the sensing models, signal processing approaches, performance and future extensions. This paper presents the first comprehensive survey of RF-based material identification. According to the basic sensing model used for sensing, we propose a taxonomy to classify the existing works into two categories: reflection-based and penetration-based. The works in each category are further grouped by the type of RF signals used, with elaborated discussion of the detailed approaches and the common challenges. We provide a framework that benchmarks the performance of the existing works, followed by a thorough discussion of future extensions.