Gestational weight gain among pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria: Pattern, predictors and pregnancy outcomes

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 18; no. 8; p. e0290102
• Main Authors: Adeoye, Ikeola A, Bamgboye, Elijah A, Omigbodun, Akinyinka O
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 18.08.2023; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Biology and Life Sciences; Body mass index; Body weight; Chronic illnesses; Cohort Studies; Confidence intervals; Exercise; Female; Gestational Weight Gain; Health aspects; Health care facilities; Health risks; Hemorrhage; Humans; Income; Maternal mortality; Medicine and Health Sciences; Nigeria - epidemiology; Obesity; Obesity - epidemiology; Overweight; Overweight - epidemiology; Physiological aspects; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnant Women; Prospective Studies; Regression analysis; Risk factors; Statistical analysis; Statistics; United States; Weight gain; Womens health; Nigeria; United States; Ibadan Nigeria; North America; Europe; Africa
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290102

Gestational weight gain (GWG) is a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes, future obesity and chronic diseases among women. However, has not received much attention in many low and middle-income countries such as Nigeria. We investigated the pattern, associated factors and pregnancy outcomes of GWG in Ibadan, Nigeria, using the Ibadan Pregnancy Cohort Study (IbPCS). The IbPCS is a multicentre prospective cohort study conducted among 1745 pregnant women recruited from four health facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria. GWG, the primary outcome, was categorised according to the Institute of Medicine's classification into insufficient, adequate and excessive weight gain. Pregnancy outcomes were the secondary outcome variables. Logistic regression analysis (Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence interval CI) was used to examine associations, and Poisson regression analyses were used to investigate associations with outcomes. Only 16.9% of women had optimal GWG, 56.8% had excessive GWG, and 26.9% had insufficient GWG. Excessive GWG was associated with high income '> #20,000-' (AOR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.25-2.17), being overweight (AOR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.52-2.95) and obese (AOR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.02-2.13) after adjusting for confounders. In contrast, increased odds of insufficient GWG have associated women with depression (AOR: 1.70, 95% CI 1.17-2.47). There was no significant association between inappropriate GWG and pregnancy outcomes However, there was an increased odds for postpartum haemorrhage (AOR: 2.44, 95% CI 1.14-5.22) among women with obesity and excessive GWG. Excessive GWG was the most typical form of GWG among our study participants and was associated with high maternal income, and being overweight or obese. GWG needs to be monitored during antenatal care, and interventions that promote appropriate GWG should be implemented among pregnant women in Nigeria.