Sex and age differences in atrophic rates: an ADNI study with n=1368 MRI scans

• Published in: Neurobiology of aging Vol. 31; no. 8; pp. 1463 - 1480
• Main Authors: Hua, Xue, Hibar, Derrek P., Lee, Suh, Toga, Arthur W., Jack, Clifford R., Weiner, Michael W., Thompson, Paul M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.08.2010
• Subjects: Age; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease - pathology; Alzheimer's disease; Atrophy; Atrophy rate; Biomarker; Cognition Disorders - pathology; Disease Progression; Drug trial enrichment; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Internal Medicine; Longitudinal; Longitudinal Studies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods; Male; Middle Aged; Mild cognitive impairment; MRI; Neuroimaging; Neurology; Prospective Studies; Sex Characteristics; Sex effect; Tensor-based morphometry; Neuroimaging; Sex effect; Biomarker; Longitudinal; Tensor-based morphometry; Mild cognitive impairment; MRI; Atrophy rate; Drug trial enrichment; Alzheimer's disease; Age
• ISSN: 0197-4580; 1558-1497; 1558-1497
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.04.033

We set out to determine factors that influence the rate of brain atrophy in 1-year longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. With tensor-based morphometry (TBM), we mapped the 3-dimensional profile of progressive atrophy in 144 subjects with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) (age: 76.5 ± 7.4 years), 338 with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI; 76.0 ± 7.2), and 202 healthy controls (77.0 ± 5.1), scanned twice, 1 year apart. Statistical maps revealed significant age and sex differences in atrophic rates. Brain atrophic rates were about 1%–1.5% faster in women than men. Atrophy was faster in younger than older subjects, most prominently in mild cognitive impairment, with a 1% increase in the rates of atrophy and 2% in ventricular expansion, for every 10-year decrease in age. TBM-derived atrophic rates correlated with reduced beta-amyloid and elevated tau levels ( n = 363) at baseline, baseline and progressive deterioration in clinical measures, and increasing numbers of risk alleles for the ApoE4 gene. TBM is a sensitive, high-throughput biomarker for tracking disease progression in large imaging studies; sub-analyses focusing on women or younger subjects gave improved sample size requirements for clinical trials.