The Dream of Delhi as a Global City

The ambition to develop Delhi as a global city is rooted in the liberalization reforms of the 1990s. Parts of the city region were integrated with the global economy, providing international firms with investment opportunities and outsourced services, while the metropolitan area emerged as a signifi...

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Published inInternational journal of urban and regional research Vol. 35; no. 3; pp. 533 - 554
Main Author DUPONT, VÉRONIQUE D.N.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.05.2011
Blackwell
Wiley Blackwell
Wiley
SeriesInternational Journal of Urban and Regional Research
Subjects
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Summary:The ambition to develop Delhi as a global city is rooted in the liberalization reforms of the 1990s. Parts of the city region were integrated with the global economy, providing international firms with investment opportunities and outsourced services, while the metropolitan area emerged as a significant agglomeration of Export Processing Zones. The development of modern infrastructure, high‐end residential complexes and exclusive shopping malls, in line with the rise of consumerism and middle‐class ideology, has spectacularly transformed the urban landscape. This drive for global competitiveness involving image‐building has had negative consequences, especially for the poor, through ‘cleansing’ the city of slums and other alleged undesirable elements, and has exacerbated socio‐spatial polarization. Delhi's experience thus exemplifies the problematic implementation of a Western construct — the global‐city model — in a metropolis of the South characterized by strong socio‐economic inequalities as well as the ascent of urban entrepreneurialism and its translation into a ‘revanchist city’. Although Delhi's trajectory is not unique in this respect, the magnitude of the informal sector combined with the increasing assertiveness of the social groups who have benefited most from the economic reforms provides a context in which the imposition of a new economic model and urban aesthetics generates particularly tangible tensions. What also makes the case of the Indian capital remarkable is the conjunction of structural factors — the overriding power of the state and the decisive intervention of the courts in urban affairs — with an international event — the 2010 Commonwealth Games. Résumé L'ambition de transformer Delhi en ville globale est ancrée dans les réformes de libéralisation des années 1990. Certaines parties de la région métropolitaine se sont intégrées dans l'économie mondiale, en fournissant aux entreprises internationales des possibilités d'investissement et de services externalisés, tandis que l'aire métropolitaine apparaît comme une agglomération importante de zones franches. Le développement d'infrastructures modernes, de complexes résidentiels haut de gamme et de centres commerciaux élitistes, en conformité avec la montée du consumérisme et de l'idéologie des classes moyennes, a transformé le paysage urbain de manière spectaculaire. Cette course à la compétitivité globale, impliquant la construction d'une certaine image urbaine, a eu des conséquences négatives, surtout pour les pauvres, par le biais de ‘nettoyages’ destinés à débarrasser la capitale de ses bidonvilles et autres éléments jugés indésirables, et a exacerbé la polarisation socio‐spatiale. L'expérience de Delhi illustre ainsi la mise en œuvre problématique d'un concept occidental — le modèle de la ville globale — dans une métropole du Sud caractérisée par de fortes inégalités socio‐économiques, ainsi que la montée de l' ‘entrepreneurialisme’ urbain et sa traduction en une ‘ville revancharde’. Bien que la trajectoire de Delhi ne soit pas unique à cet égard, l'ampleur du secteur informel, combinée avec l'affirmation croissante des groupes sociaux qui ont le plus bénéficié des réformes économiques, fournit un contexte où l'imposition d'un nouveau modèle économique et d'une nouvelle esthétique urbaine génère des tensions particulièrement tangibles. Ce qui rend aussi le cas de la capitale indienne remarquable, c'est la conjonction de facteurs structurels — le pouvoir prépondérant de l'État et l'intervention décisive des tribunaux dans les affaires urbaines — et d'un événement international — les Jeux du Commonwealth de 2010.
Bibliography:ArticleID:IJUR1027
istex:AABBCD580A78B4A41F0CD55D86A142F6019064C1
ark:/67375/WNG-LRZSRR8W-X
Centre de Sciences Humaines
New Delhi, and the Centre for Indian and South Asian Studies, Paris, entitled ‘Social Exclusion, Territories and Urban Policies’, funded by the French National Agency for Research, with additional financial support from the IRD (Institute of Research for Development). The realization of the maps would not have been possible without the contribution of Pierre Chapelet. A first version of this article was presented at the 38th World Congress of the International Institute of Sociology, Budapest, 26–30 June 2008, during the special session — New Urban Explorations I: Global Perspectives. The valuable comments of Marie‐Hélène Zérah helped me in revising this draft. I am also thankful to the IJURR referees for their very pertinent and detailed suggestions. All other disclaimers apply.
The research presented in this article is part of a larger collective programme of the French
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ISSN:0309-1317
1468-2427
DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2427.2010.01027.x