Agricultural land-use change in a Mexican oligotrophic desert depletes ecosystem stability

• Published in: PeerJ (San Francisco, CA) Vol. 4; p. e2365
• Main Authors: Hernández-Becerra, Natali, Tapia-Torres, Yunuen, Beltrán-Paz, Ofelia, Blaz, Jazmín, Souza, Valeria, García-Oliva, Felipe
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States PeerJ. Ltd 18.08.2016; PeerJ, Inc; PeerJ Inc
• Subjects: Acidobacteria; Agricultural industry; Agricultural land; Agricultural practices; Agricultural production; Agriculture; Alfalfa; Analysis; Autotrophic microorganisms; Bacteria; Bacteria community; Biochemistry; Biodegradation; Biodiversity; Biology; Community composition; Deserts; Dissolved organic carbon; Dissolved organic matter; Dissolved organic nitrogen; Earth science; Ecology; Ecosystem biology; Ecosystem Science; Ecosystem stability; Ecosystems; Environmental aspects; Environmental impact; Enzymes; Flooding; Grasslands; Heterotrophic microorganisms; Immobilization; Irrigation; Land use; Medicago sativa L; Microbial activity; Mineralization; Nitrification; Nutrient dynamics; Phosphatase; Phosphatases; Resilience; RNA; rRNA 16S; Soil characteristics; Soil microbiology; Soil microorganisms; Soil nutrients; Soil Science; Bacteria community; Microbial activity; Soil nutrients; Alfalfa; Medicago sativa L; Resilience
• ISSN: 2167-8359; 2167-8359
• DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2365

Global demand for food has led to increased land-use change, particularly in dry land ecosystems, which has caused several environmental problems due to the soil degradation. In the Cuatro Cienegas Basin (CCB), alfalfa production irrigated by flooding impacts strongly on the soil. In order to analyze the effect of such agricultural land-use change on soil nutrient dynamics and soil bacterial community composition, this work examined an agricultural gradient within the CCB which was comprised of a native desert grassland, a plot currently cultivated with alfalfa and a former agricultural field that had been abandoned for over 30 years. For each site, we analyzed C, N and P dynamic fractions, the activity of the enzyme phosphatase and the bacterial composition obtained using 16S rRNA clone libraries. The results showed that the cultivated site presented a greater availability of water and dissolved organic carbon, these conditions promoted mineralization processes mediated by heterotrophic microorganisms, while the abandoned land was limited by water and dissolved organic nitrogen. The low amount of dissolved organic matter promoted nitrification, which is mediated by autotrophic microorganisms. The microbial N immobilization process and specific phosphatase activity were both favored in the native grassland. As expected, differences in bacterial taxonomical composition were observed among sites. The abandoned site exhibited similar compositions than native grassland, while the cultivated site differed. The results suggest that the transformation of native grassland into agricultural land induces drastic changes in soil nutrient dynamics as well as in the bacterial community. However, with the absence of agricultural practices, some of the soil characteristics analyzed slowly recovers their natural state.