Development of a measurement tool to assess local public health implementation climate and capacity for equity-oriented practice: Application to obesity prevention in a local public health system

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 15; no. 9; p. e0237380
• Main Authors: Stamatakis, Katherine A, Baker, Elizabeth A, McVay, Allese, Keedy, Hannah
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 28.09.2020; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Biology and Life Sciences; Capacity Building; Female; Health care disparities; Health Equity; Health promotion; Humans; Local Government; Male; Medicine and Health Sciences; Missouri; Obesity; Obesity - prevention & control; People and places; Prevention; Public Health - methods; Public health administration; Public Health Administration - methods; Quality management; Research and Analysis Methods; Social aspects; Surveys and Questionnaires; Missouri; United States
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237380

The objective of this study was to develop a measurement tool to capture local public health department (LHD) organizational characteristics that align with implementation of equity-oriented practice, which may be used to gauge progress in building public health structures and functions that address the needs of vulnerable populations and reduce health inequities. We developed and tested a measurement tool, with practitioner input, based on an implementation science framework and informed by previous work defining public health essential services and practice recommendations for health equity. Measures assessed types of vulnerable populations served by the LHD, organizational climate, and four equity-oriented practice areas, including: assessment and planning, monitoring and analysis, leadership support, and obesity prevention. We also assessed opportunities for capacity building by identifying training needs of practitioners. Primary data were collected from Missouri local health department practitioners (n = 92, 80% response rate) via an online questionnaire, with a subset of the sample providing data for test-retest reliability. Measures of equity-oriented implementation climate indicated areas of variability with respect to strengths and gaps across LHDs. While implementation climate was strong with respect to perceived importance (86%), a substantial proportion of LHDs cited concern over other priorities conflicting with equity-oriented implementation (32%). Likewise, a strong internal push (67%) was often accompanied by limited external political (25%) and community support (40%). Implementation climate measures generally had good to excellent reliability and were significantly associated with areas of equity-oriented practice. Frequently identified (>70%) training needs included improving skills in applying frameworks, assessment methods, and evaluating collaborations around equity. We developed a theory-based, practitioner-informed questionnaire to assess capacity for equity-oriented practice and identify opportunities for capacity building in local public health departments to engage in effective change toward health equity.