MicroRNA-Mediated Control of Oligodendrocyte Differentiation

• Published in: Neuron (Cambridge, Mass.) Vol. 65; no. 5; pp. 612 - 626
• Main Authors: Zhao, Xianghui, He, Xuelian, Han, Xiaolei, Yu, Yang, Ye, Feng, Chen, Ying, Hoang, ThaoNguyen, Xu, Xiaomei, Mi, Qing-Sheng, Xin, Mei, Wang, Fan, Appel, Bruce, Lu, Q. Richard
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 11.03.2010; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Animals; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors - genetics; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors - metabolism; Cell Differentiation - drug effects; Cell Differentiation - genetics; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex - cytology; Chick Embryo; Danio rerio; DEAD-box RNA Helicases - deficiency; Electroporation - methods; Embryo, Mammalian; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Embryos; Endoribonucleases - deficiency; Enzymes; Gene expression; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental - genetics; Hippocampus - cytology; Hybridization; Mice; Mice, Knockout; MicroRNAs - metabolism; Models, Biological; MOLNEURO; Mutagenesis; Myelin Sheath - metabolism; Neurons - drug effects; Neurons - physiology; Oligodendroglia - drug effects; Oligodendroglia - physiology; Rats; Ribonuclease III; RNA, Small Interfering - pharmacology; Rodents; SOXD Transcription Factors - genetics; SOXD Transcription Factors - metabolism; Spinal cord; Spinal Cord - embryology; Spinal Cord - growth & development; Spinal Cord - metabolism; Stem Cells - drug effects; Stem Cells - physiology; Zebrafish; MOLNEURO
• ISSN: 0896-6273; 1097-4199
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.02.018

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate various biological processes, but evidence for miRNAs that control the differentiation program of specific neural cell types has been elusive. To determine the role of miRNAs in the formation of myelinating oligodendrocytes, we selectively deleted a miRNA-processing enzyme, Dicer1, in oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Mice lacking Dicer1 display severe myelinating deficits despite an expansion of the oligodendrocyte progenitor pool. To search for miRNAs responsible for the induction of oligodendrocyte maturation, we identified miR-219 and miR-338 as oligodendrocyte-specific miRNAs in spinal cord. Overexpression of these miRNAs is sufficient to promote oligodendrocyte differentiation. Additionally, blockage of these miRNA activities in oligodendrocyte precursor culture and knockdown of miR-219 in zebrafish inhibit oligodendrocyte maturation. miR-219 and miR-338 function in part by directly repressing negative regulators of oligodendrocyte differentiation, including transcription factors Sox6 and Hes5. These findings illustrate that miRNAs are important regulators of oligodendrocyte differentiation, providing new targets for myelin repair. ► The miRNA-processing enzyme Dicer1 is essential for oligodendrocyte myelination ► Oligodendrocyte-specific miR-219 and miR-338 induce oligodendrocyte differentiation ► miR-219 and miR-338 are required for oligodendrocyte maturation ► miR-219 and miR-338 negatively regulate oligodendrocyte differentiation inhibitors