Circuit mechanisms for the maintenance and manipulation of information in working memory

• Published in: Nature neuroscience Vol. 22; no. 7; pp. 1159 - 1167
• Main Authors: Masse, Nicolas Y., Yang, Guangyu R., Song, H. Francis, Wang, Xiao-Jing, Freedman, David J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Nature Publishing Group US 01.07.2019; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 631/378/116; 631/378/1595; 631/378/1595/1636; 631/378/3920; Analysis; Animal Genetics and Genomics; Behavioral Sciences; Biological Techniques; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Cognitive ability; Cognitive tasks; Computer Simulation; Influence; Learning; Learning - physiology; Memory; Memory tasks; Memory, Short-Term - physiology; Neural circuitry; Neural networks; Neural Networks, Computer; Neurobiology; Neuronal Plasticity - physiology; Neuroplasticity; Neurosciences; Plasticity; Recurrent neural networks; Short term; Short term memory; Synaptic plasticity; United States
• ISSN: 1097-6256; 1546-1726; 1546-1726
• DOI: 10.1038/s41593-019-0414-3

Recently it has been proposed that information in working memory (WM) may not always be stored in persistent neuronal activity but can be maintained in ‘activity-silent’ hidden states, such as synaptic efficacies endowed with short-term synaptic plasticity. To test this idea computationally, we investigated recurrent neural network models trained to perform several WM-dependent tasks, in which WM representation emerges from learning and is not a priori assumed to depend on self-sustained persistent activity. We found that short-term synaptic plasticity can support the short-term maintenance of information, provided that the memory delay period is sufficiently short. However, in tasks that require actively manipulating information, persistent activity naturally emerges from learning, and the amount of persistent activity scales with the degree of manipulation required. These results shed insight into the current debate on WM encoding and suggest that persistent activity can vary markedly between short-term memory tasks with different cognitive demands. The role of persistent spiking activity in working memory has recently come under debate. Here the authors use biologically realistic recurrent neural networks to explain why the strength of persistent activity can vary markedly between tasks.