Comorbidities and mortality in COVID-19 patients

• Published in: Gaceta sanitaria Vol. 35; pp. S530 - S532
• Main Authors: Djaharuddin, Irawaty, Munawwarah, Sitti, Nurulita, Asvin, Ilyas, Muh, Tabri, Nur Ahmad, Lihawa, Nurjannah
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Spain Elsevier España, S.L.U 2021; SESPAS. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U; Elsevier
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Comorbidities; Comorbidity; COVID-19; Female; Hospital Mortality; Hospitalization; Humans; Internal Medicine; Male; Middle Aged; Mortality; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; SARS-CoV-2; Young Adult; COVID-19; Comorbidities; Mortality
• ISSN: 0213-9111; 1578-1283
• DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.10.085

The high mortality rate in Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) patients is associated with their comorbid conditions. Therefore, it is important to identify risk factors associated with poor outcomes among COVID-19 patients. The aims of this study were to find out the comorbidities in case of death due to COVID-19. The design of this study was a retrospective descriptive method with a confirmed COVID-19 patient on hospitalized at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital from March to September 2020. Ethics Council recommendation number: 357/UN4.6.4.5.31/PP36/2020. A total of 454 patients were included of this study. 78 (17.18%) patients death due to COVID-19, consisting of 52 (66.67%) male and 26 (33.33%) female. Range of ages between 18 and 85 years. The highest mortality rate occurred in the age group ≥60 years (35; 51.47%), followed by the age group of 45–59 years (33; 48.53%), and the age group of <45 years (10; 12%). The prevalent comorbidity was hypertension (42.31%), cardiovascular disease (30.77%), diabetes (28.21%), chronic kidney disease (23.08%), malignancy (15.38%), obesity (15.38%), chronic liver disease (7.69%), chronic respiratory disease (6.41%), immune related disease (3.85%), and non-traumatic cerebral infarction (3.85%). 41 (52.56%) patients reported having two or more comorbidities, and 37 (47.44%) only has one comorbidity. Elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ≥3.13 was seen in the majority of patients (68; 87.18%). The mean value of NLR was 20.94. Hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes were the most common comorbidity in patients death due to COVID-19. More than half of the patients had two or more comorbidities.