Modeling aerotaxis band formation in Azospirillum brasilense

• Published in: BMC microbiology Vol. 19; no. 1; pp. 101 - 10
• Main Authors: Elmas, Mustafa, Alexiades, Vasilios, O’Neal, Lindsey, Alexandre, Gladys
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BioMed Central 17.05.2019; BioMed Central Ltd; BMC
• Subjects: Aerotaxis; Azospirillum brasilense; Azospirillum brasilense - growth & development; Azospirillum brasilense - metabolism; Bacteria; Band formation; Biological Microscopy; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Cells (Biology); Chemotaxis; Colonization; Concentration gradient; Crop production; E coli; Energy; Life Sciences; Limiting nutrients; Mathematical modeling; Mathematical models; Metabolism; Microbial biochemistry; Microbiology; Models, Theoretical; Motility; Mycology; Nutrients; Organic chemistry; Organisms; Oxygen; Oxygen - metabolism; Oxygen consumption; Parameter estimation; Parasitology; physiology and metabolism; Plant growth; Production management; Proteobacteria; Research Article; Rhizosphere; Soil bacteria; Soil microbiology; Soil microorganisms; Virology; Azospirillum brasilense; Band formation; Mathematical modeling; Aerotaxis; Chemotaxis
• ISSN: 1471-2180; 1471-2180
• DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1468-9

Background Bacterial chemotaxis, the ability of motile bacteria to navigate gradients of chemicals, plays key roles in the establishment of various plant-microbe associations, including those that benefit plant growth and crop productivity. The motile soil bacterium Azospirillum brasilense colonizes the rhizosphere and promotes the growth of diverse plants across a range of environments. Aerotaxis, or the ability to navigate oxygen gradients, is a widespread behavior in bacteria. It is one of the strongest behavioral responses in A. brasilense and it is essential for successful colonization of the root surface. Oxygen is one of the limiting nutrients in the rhizosphere where density and activity of organisms are greatest. The aerotaxis response of A. brasilense is also characterized by high precision with motile cells able to detect narrow regions in a gradient where the oxygen concentration is low enough to support their microaerobic lifestyle and metabolism. Results Here, we present a mathematical model for aerotaxis band formation that captures most critical features of aerotaxis in A. brasilense . Remarkably, this model recapitulates experimental observations of the formation of a stable aerotactic band within 2 minutes of exposure to the air gradient that were not captured in previous modeling efforts. Using experimentally determined parameters, the mathematical model reproduced an aerotactic band at a distance from the meniscus and with a width that matched the experimental observation. Conclusions Including experimentally determined parameter values allowed us to validate a mathematical model for aerotactic band formation in spatial gradients that recapitulates the spatiotemporal stability of the band and its position in the gradient as well as its overall width. This validated model also allowed us to capture the range of oxygen concentrations the bacteria prefer during aerotaxis, and to estimate the effect of parameter values (e.g. oxygen consumption rate), both of which are difficult to obtain in experiments.