Consecutive inoculations of influenza virus vaccine and poly(I:C) protects mice against homologous and heterologous virus challenge

• Published in: Vaccine Vol. 35; no. 7; pp. 1001 - 1007
• Main Authors: Moriyama, Miyu, Chino, Shota, Ichinohe, Takeshi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier Ltd 15.02.2017; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Adjuvant; Adjuvants, Immunologic - administration & dosage; Administration, Intranasal; Allergy and Immunology; Animals; Antibodies, Viral - biosynthesis; blood serum; Cross Protection; Female; Formaldehyde; IgA; Immune response; Immunity, Mucosal - drug effects; Immunization; Immunization Schedule; immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin A - biosynthesis; immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin G - biosynthesis; Immunoglobulins; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - drug effects; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - immunology; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - drug effects; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - immunology; Influenza Vaccines - administration & dosage; Influenza virus; Intranasal vaccine; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; mucosal immunity; nose; Orthomyxoviridae; Orthomyxoviridae Infections - immunology; Orthomyxoviridae Infections - mortality; Orthomyxoviridae Infections - prevention & control; Orthomyxoviridae Infections - virology; Pandemics; Poly I-C - administration & dosage; poly(I:C); Rodents; Survival Analysis; vaccination; Vaccines; Vaccines, Inactivated; Viral infections; Viruses; IgA; Adjuvant; Intranasal vaccine; Influenza virus; poly(I:C)
• ISSN: 0264-410X; 1873-2518
• DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.01.025

•We tried to elicit a strong IgA response by mimicking influenza virus replication.•Intranasal vaccination for five consecutive days elicits influenza virus-specific IgA.•Five consecutive vaccinations protected mice against heterologous virus challenge. Mucosal immunity induced through natural infection by influenza virus has potent cross-protective activity, compared to subcutaneous vaccination-induced systemic immunity. Compared to natural infection with influenza virus, however, a single intranasal vaccination with an inactivated influenza virus vaccine and poly(I:C) is not sufficient to induce primary immune response in naïve animals. The reasons for this moderate effect are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrated that intranasal vaccination with formalin-inactivated influenza virus vaccine and poly(I:C) for five consecutive days elicits high levels of virus-specific nasal IgA and serum IgG responses, while vaccination without poly(I:C) induced little response. Mice immunized with influenza virus vaccine and poly(I:C) for five consecutive days sustained high levels of virus-specific IgA in nasal wash and IgG in serum until at least 6months after vaccination. Furthermore, intranasal vaccination with influenza virus vaccine and poly(I:C) protected mice against homologous and heterologous influenza virus challenge. These results suggest that consecutive inoculations of influenza virus vaccine and poly(I:C) is an alternative method to induce primary immune responses in naïve subjects.