Macrophage autophagy protects mice from cerium oxide nanoparticle-induced lung fibrosis

• Published in: Particle and fibre toxicology Vol. 18; no. 1; pp. 6 - 15
• Main Authors: Annangi, Balasubramanyam, Lu, Zhuyi, Bruniaux, Jonathan, Ridoux, Audrey, da Silva, Vanessa Marques, Vantelon, Delphine, Boczkowski, Jorge, Lanone, Sophie
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 01.02.2021; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Alveolar fibrosis - autophagy - macrophage polarization; Alveoli; Animals; Autophagy; Autophagy (Cytology); Cerium; Cerium - toxicity; Cerium oxides; Collagen; Collagen (type I); Exposure; Fibrosis; Genotype & phenotype; Granuloma; Health aspects; Human health and pathology; Infiltration; Inflammation; Life Sciences; Lung; Lung diseases; Lungs; Macrophages; Metallic oxides; Mice; Nanoparticle; Nanoparticles; Nanoparticles - toxicity; Oxidation; Phagocytosis; Phenotypes; Physiological aspects; Physiology; Pneumoconiosis; Prevention; Proteins; Pulmonary Fibrosis - chemically induced; Pulmonology and respiratory tract; Rare earth elements; Risk factors; Transforming growth factor-b1; France; Nanoparticle; Alveolar fibrosis - autophagy - macrophage polarization
• ISSN: 1743-8977; 1743-8977
• DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00398-y

Cerium (Ce) is a rare earth element, rapidly oxidizing to form CeO , and currently used in numerous commercial applications, especially as nanoparticles (NP). The potential health effects of Ce remain uncertain, but literature indicates the development of rare earth pneumoconiosis accompanied with granuloma formation, interstitial fibrosis and inflammation. The exact underlying mechanisms are not yet completely understood, and we propose that autophagy could be an interesting target to study, particularly in macrophages. Therefore, the objective of our study was to investigate the role of macrophagic autophagy after pulmonary exposure to CeO NP in mice. Mice lacking the early autophagy gene Atg5 in their myeloid lineage and their wildtype counterparts were exposed to CeO NP by single oropharyngeal administration and sacrificed up to 1 month after. At that time, lung remodeling was thoroughly characterized (inflammatory cells infiltration, expression of fibrotic markers such as αSMA, TGFβ1, total and type I and III collagen deposition), as well as macrophage infiltration (quantification and M1/M2 phenotype). Such pulmonary exposure to CeO NP induces a progressive and dose-dependent lung fibrosis in the bronchiolar and alveolar walls, together with the activation of autophagy. Blockage of macrophagic autophagy protects from alveolar but not bronchiolar fibrosis, via the modulation of macrophage polarization towards M2 phenotype. In conclusion, our findings bring novel insight on the role of macrophagic autophagy in lung fibrogenesis, and add to the current awareness of pulmonary macrophages as important players in the disease.