Movement behavior profiles and obesity: a latent profile analysis of 24-h time-use composition among Danish workers

• Published in: International Journal of Obesity Vol. 44; no. 2; pp. 409 - 417
• Main Authors: Gupta, Nidhi, Hallman, David M., Dumuid, Dorothea, Vij, Akshay, Rasmussen, Charlotte Lund, Jørgensen, Marie Birk, Holtermann, Andreas
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.02.2020; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 692/499; 692/699/75; Accelerometers; Accelerometry; Adult; Animal behavior; Ants; Behavior; Body fat; Body mass index; Body size; Chimpanzees; Composition; Confidence intervals; Cross-Sectional Studies; Denmark - epidemiology; Diaries; Energy expenditure; Epidemiology; Exercise; Exercise - physiology; Female; Government finance; Health Behavior - physiology; Health Promotion and Disease Prevention; Health-Promoting Work; Humans; Hälsofrämjande arbete; Internal Medicine; Isometric; Leisure; Leisure Activities; Male; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Metabolic Diseases; Middle Aged; Obesity; Obesity - epidemiology; Physical activity; Prevention; Public Health; Sedentary Behavior; Sleep; Thigh; Time management; Workers; Workers (insect caste); Workers' compensation; Denmark
• ISSN: 0307-0565; 1476-5497; 1476-5497
• DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0419-8

Background/objectives An element of obesity prevention is increasing total physical activity energy expenditure. However, this approach does not incorporate the balance of various movement behaviors—physical activity, sedentary behaviors and sleep—across domains of the day. We aimed to identify time-use profiles over work and leisure, termed ‘movement behavior profiles’ and to investigate their association with obesity. Subjects/methods Eight-hundred-and-seven workers completed (a) thigh accelerometry and diaries to determine their 24-h composition of behaviors (sedentary and standing, light physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity at work and leisure, and time in bed) and (b) obesity measurements. Movement behavior profiles were determined using latent profile analyses of isometric log-ratios of the 24-h composition, and labeled according to animal movement behavior traits. Linear models were applied to determine the association between profiles and obesity. Results Four profiles were identified, labeled as “Chimpanzees” ( n  = 226), “Lions” ( n  = 179), “Ants” ( n  = 244), and “Koalas” ( n  = 158). “Chimpanzees” work time was evenly distributed between behaviors while their leisure time was predominantly active. Compared to Chimpanzees, “Lions” were more active at work and sedentary during leisure and spent more time in bed; “Ants” were more active at work and during leisure; “Koalas” were more sedentary at work and leisure and spent similar time in bed. With “Chimpanzees” as reference, “Lions” had least favorable obesity indicators: +2.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.6, 3.4) %body fat, +4.3 cm (1.4, 7.3) waist circumference and +1.0 (2.0, 0.0) Body Mass Index (BMI), followed by “Koalas” +2.0 (0.4, 3.7) %body fat, +3.1 cm (0.1, 6.0) waist circumference, and +0.8 (−0.30, 1.94) BMI. No significant differences were found between “Chimpanzees” and “Ants”. Conclusions Movement behavior profiles across work and leisure time-use compositions are associated with obesity. Achieving adequate balance between work and leisure movement behaviors should be further investigated as a potential obesity prevention strategy.