Exploring the role of environmental enteropathy in malnutrition, infant development and oral vaccine response

Environmental enteropathy (EE) is a poorly defined state of intestinal inflammation without overt diarrhoea that occurs in individuals exposed over time to poor sanitation and hygiene. It is characterized pathologically by small intestine villous blunting and inflammation. In children from low-incom...

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Published inPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological sciences Vol. 370; no. 1671; p. 20140143
Main Authors Gilmartin, Allissia A., Petri, William A.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England The Royal Society 19.06.2015
Subjects
Administration, Oral
Child Development
Environmental Enteropathy
Humans
Infant
Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Intestinal Diseases - complications
Intestinal Diseases - immunology
Malnutrition
Oral Polio Vaccine
Review
Rotavirus Vaccine
Vaccines - administration & dosage
Vaccines - immunology
oral polio vaccine
environmental enteropathy
rotavirus vaccine
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Summary:Environmental enteropathy (EE) is a poorly defined state of intestinal inflammation without overt diarrhoea that occurs in individuals exposed over time to poor sanitation and hygiene. It is characterized pathologically by small intestine villous blunting and inflammation. In children from low-income countries, it is implicated as a cause of malnutrition, oral vaccine failure and impaired cognitive development. Here we review the search for non-invasive biomarkers to measure EE non-invasively, and assess the current evidence linking EE to malnutrition, vaccine failure and neurocognitive development.
Bibliography:Discussion meeting issue ‘Biological challenges to effective vaccines in the developing world’ organized and edited by Nicholas Grassly, Gagandeep Kang and Beate Kampmann
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One contribution of 15 to a discussion meeting issue ‘Biological challenges to effective vaccines in the developing world’.
ISSN:0962-8436
1471-2970
DOI:10.1098/rstb.2014.0143