Nicotinamide Riboside Preserves Cardiac Function in a Mouse Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy

• Published in: Circulation (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 137; no. 21; pp. 2256 - 2273
• Main Authors: Diguet, Nicolas, Trammell, Samuel A.J, Tannous, Cynthia, Deloux, Robin, Piquereau, Jérôme, Mougenot, Nathalie, Gouge, Anne, Gressette, Mélanie, Manoury, Boris, Blanc, Jocelyne, Breton, Marie, Decaux, Jean-François, Lavery, Gareth G, Baczkó, István, Zoll, Joffrey, Garnier, Anne, Li, Zhenlin, Brenner, Charles, Mericskay, Mathias
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States by the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American Heart Association, Inc 22.05.2018; American Heart Association
• Subjects: Acrylamides - therapeutic use; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism; Animals; Biochemistry, Molecular Biology; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated - drug therapy; Citric Acid - metabolism; Cytokines - genetics; Cytokines - metabolism; Dietary Supplements; Disease Models, Animal; Gene Expression Profiling; Heart Failure - prevention & control; Life Sciences; Metabolome - drug effects; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Molecular biology; Myocytes, Cardiac - cytology; Myocytes, Cardiac - drug effects; Myocytes, Cardiac - metabolism; NAD - metabolism; Niacinamide - analogs & derivatives; Niacinamide - therapeutic use; Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase - genetics; Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase - metabolism; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) - antagonists & inhibitors; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) - genetics; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) - metabolism; Piperidines - therapeutic use; PPAR alpha - metabolism; Rats; Serum Response Factor - deficiency; Serum Response Factor - genetics; NAD; heart failure; cardiomyopathy, dilated; acetyl coenzyme A; glycolysis; serum response factor; energy metabolism; nicotinamide-beta-riboside; dilated; cardiomyopathy
• ISSN: 0009-7322; 1524-4539
• DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.026099

BACKGROUND:Myocardial metabolic impairment is a major feature in chronic heart failure. As the major coenzyme in fuel oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation and a substrate for enzymes signaling energy stress and oxidative stress response, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is emerging as a metabolic target in a number of diseases including heart failure. Little is known on the mechanisms regulating homeostasis of NAD in the failing heart. METHODS:To explore possible alterations of NAD homeostasis in the failing heart, we quantified the expression of NAD biosynthetic enzymes in the human failing heart and in the heart of a mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) triggered by Serum Response Factor transcription factor depletion in the heart (SRF) or of cardiac hypertrophy triggered by transverse aorta constriction. We studied the impact of NAD precursor supplementation on cardiac function in both mouse models. RESULTS:We observed a 30% loss in levels of NAD in the murine failing heart of both DCM and transverse aorta constriction mice that was accompanied by a decrease in expression of the nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase enzyme that recycles the nicotinamide precursor, whereas the nicotinamide riboside kinase 2 (NMRK2) that phosphorylates the nicotinamide riboside precursor is increased, to a higher level in the DCM (40-fold) than in transverse aorta constriction (4-fold). This shift was also observed in human failing heart biopsies in comparison with nonfailing controls. We show that the Nmrk2 gene is an AMP-activated protein kinase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α responsive gene that is activated by energy stress and NAD depletion in isolated rat cardiomyocytes. Nicotinamide riboside efficiently rescues NAD synthesis in response to FK866-mediated inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase and stimulates glycolysis in cardiomyocytes. Accordingly, we show that nicotinamide riboside supplementation in food attenuates the development of heart failure in mice, more robustly in DCM, and partially after transverse aorta constriction, by stabilizing myocardial NAD levels in the failing heart. Nicotinamide riboside treatment also robustly increases the myocardial levels of 3 metabolites, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide, methylnicotinamide, and N1-methyl-4-pyridone-5-carboxamide, that can be used as validation biomarkers for the treatment. CONCLUSIONS:The data show that nicotinamide riboside, the most energy-efficient among NAD precursors, could be useful for treatment of heart failure, notably in the context of DCM, a disease with few therapeutic options.