Brown adipose tissue activity controls triglyceride clearance

• Published in: Nature medicine Vol. 17; no. 2; pp. 200 - 205
• Main Authors: Bartelt, Alexander, Heeren, Joerg, Bruns, Oliver T, Reimer, Rudolph, Hohenberg, Heinz, Ittrich, Harald, Peldschus, Kersten, Kaul, Michael G, Tromsdorf, Ulrich I, Weller, Horst, Waurisch, Christian, Eychmüller, Alexander, Gordts, Philip L S M, Rinninger, Franz, Bruegelmann, Karoline, Freund, Barbara, Nielsen, Peter, Merkel, Martin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Nature Publishing Group US 01.02.2011; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 631/443/319/1557; 631/45/287/1191; 692/699/2743/393; Adipose tissue; Adipose Tissue, Brown - metabolism; Adipose Tissue, Brown - physiology; Adipose tissues; Animals; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Body fat; Body Temperature Regulation - physiology; Burns; Cancer Research; Cardiovascular diseases; CD36 Antigens - metabolism; Cholesterol; Cholesterol - metabolism; Cholesterol - physiology; Cold Temperature; Exposure; Fatty acids; Humans; Hyperlipidemias - metabolism; Hyperlipidemias - physiopathology; Infectious Diseases; Insulin Resistance - physiology; letter; Lipid metabolism; Lipids; Lipoprotein Lipase - metabolism; Lipoproteins; Lipoproteins - metabolism; Lipoproteins - physiology; Male; Metabolic Diseases; Metabolism; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Molecular Medicine; Neurosciences; Obesity; Obesity - metabolism; Obesity - physiopathology; Physiological aspects; Risk factors; Rodents; Triglycerides; Triglycerides - metabolism; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - metabolism; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - physiology; Germany
• ISSN: 1078-8956; 1546-170X
• DOI: 10.1038/nm.2297

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) burns fatty acids for heat production to defend the body against cold and has recently been shown to be present in humans. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) transport lipids in the bloodstream, where the fatty acid moieties are liberated by the action of lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Peripheral organs such as muscle and adipose tissue take up the fatty acids, whereas the remaining cholesterol-rich remnant particles are cleared by the liver. Elevated plasma triglyceride concentrations and prolonged circulation of cholesterol-rich remnants, especially in diabetic dyslipidemia, are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, the precise biological role of BAT for TRL clearance remains unclear. Here we show that increased BAT activity induced by short-term cold exposure controls TRL metabolism in mice. Cold exposure drastically accelerated plasma clearance of triglycerides as a result of increased uptake into BAT, a process crucially dependent on local LPL activity and transmembrane receptor CD36. In pathophysiological settings, cold exposure corrected hyperlipidemia and improved deleterious effects of insulin resistance. In conclusion, BAT activity controls vascular lipoprotein homeostasis by inducing a metabolic program that boosts TRL turnover and channels lipids into BAT. Activation of BAT might be a therapeutic approach to reduce elevated triglyceride concentrations and combat obesity in humans.