Multiple origins of a spider radiation in Hawaii

• Published in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 91; no. 6; pp. 2290 - 2294
• Main Authors: Gillespie, R.G, Croom, H.B, Palumbi, S.R
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 15.03.1994; National Acad Sciences; National Academy of Sciences
• Subjects: ADN; Animals; Araneae; Archipelagos; Base Sequence; BIOGEOGRAFIA; BIOGEOGRAPHIE; Biological and medical sciences; Biological evolution; Biological taxonomies; Birds of prey; DISTANCE GENETIQUE; DISTANCIA GENETICA; DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics; Endemic species; Evolution; FILOGENIA; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution; HAWAI; HAWAII; Invertebrates; Mitochondrial DNA; MITOCHONDRIE; MITOCONDRIA; Molecular Sequence Data; Monophyly; Phylogenetics; PHYLOGENIE; Phylogeny; Plant morphology; RIBOSOMAS; RIBOSOME; RNA, Ribosomal - genetics; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Spiders; Spiders - classification; Spiders - genetics; TETRAGNATHA; Topology; Hawaii; Polynesia; Oceania; USA, Hawaii; Arachnida; Nucleotide sequence; Arthropoda; Interspecific comparison; Biological evolution; Morphology; Araneida; Mitochondrial DNA; Phylogeny; Invertebrata; Tetragnathidae
• ISSN: 0027-8424; 1091-6490
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.6.2290

The Hawaiian Islands are renowned for some of the most spectacular species radiations in the world. Most of these radiations have been attributed to single colonization events, although the evidence supporting monophyletic origins is often poorly resolved and/or ambiguous. Without a concrete understanding of the origins of species radiations, it is impossible to understand the phylogenetic pattern of species proliferation or the spectrum of morphological, ecological, and behavioral modifications attributable to a single colonist. In this study we examined the species radiation of the spider genus Tetragnatha in Hawaii. Unlike their mainland congeners, the Hawaiian Tetragnatha are extremely diverse in morphology, ecology, and behavior. We tested whether this diversity arose from a single or multiple colonization events. We coupled morphological (37 characters) and molecular (sequence from the 12S ribosomal subunit of mitochondrial DNA) approaches to assess the phylogenetic position of the Hawaiian Tetragnatha relative to continental congeners and to examine evidence for monophyly. We provide evidence that the Hawaiian Tetragnatha emanate from multiple origins. At least two independent species radiations, the "spiny-leg" clade and the web-building species Tetragnatha stelarobusta and Tetragnatha acuta, have arisen from one or more founder events. Two additional natural colonizations have resulted in the establishment of non-speciose lineages, as represented by Tetragnatha hawaiensis and Doryonychus raptor.