Targeting a cysteine protease from a pathobiont alleviates experimental arthritis

• Published in: Arthritis research & therapy Vol. 22; no. 1; pp. 114 - 15
• Main Authors: Peng, Hsin-Yi, Chen, Shih-Yao, Siao, Shih-Hong, Chang, Jinghua Tsai, Xue, Ting-Yin, Lee, Yi-Hsuan, Jan, Ming-Shiou, Tsay, Gregory J., Zouali, Moncef
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 14.05.2020; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Analysis; Antibodies; Antigens; Arthritis; Bacteria; Collagen-induced arthritis; Cysteine; Cystine; Deoxyribonucleic acid; Development and progression; DNA; Enzymes; Genomics; Gingipain; Gum disease; Health aspects; Inflammatory diseases; Pathogenesis; Pathology; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Proteases; Proteins; Rheumatoid arthritis; Rheumatoid factor; RNA; Taiwan; United States > US; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Periodontitis; Collagen-induced arthritis; Gingipain; Rheumatoid arthritis
• ISSN: 1478-6362; 1478-6354; 1478-6362
• DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02205-z

Several lines of evidence suggest that the pathobiont Porphyromonas gingivalis is involved in the development and/or progression of auto-inflammatory diseases. This bacterium produces cysteine proteases, such as gingipain RgpA, endowed with the potential to induce significant bone loss in model systems and in patients. We sought to gain further insight into the role of this pathobiont in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to identify novel therapeutic targets for auto-inflammatory diseases. We profiled the antibody response to RgPA-specific domains in patient sera. We also tested the potential protective effects of RgpA domains in an experimental arthritis model. Pre-immunization of rats with purified recombinant RgpA domains alleviated arthritis in the joints of the rodents and reduced bone erosion. Using a functional genomics approach at both the mRNA and protein levels, we report that the pre-immunizations reduced arthritis severity by impacting a matrix metalloprotease characteristic of articular injury, a chemokine known to be involved in recruiting inflammatory cells, and three inflammatory cytokines. Finally, we identified an amino acid motif in the RgpA catalytic domain of P. gingivalis that shares sequence homology with type II collagen. We conclude that pre-immunization against gingipain domains can reduce the severity of experimentally induced arthritis. We suggest that targeting gingipain domains by pre-immunization, or, possibly, by small-molecule inhibitors, could reduce the potential of P. gingivalis to translocate to remote tissues and instigate and/or exacerbate pathology in RA, but also in other chronic inflammatory diseases.