The Risk of Nosocomial Transmission of Rift Valley Fever

In 2000, we investigated the Rift Valley fever (RVF) outbreak on the Arabian Peninsula-the first outside Africa-and the risk of nosocomial transmission. In a cross-sectional design, during the peak of the epidemic at its epicenter, we found four (0.6%) of 703 healthcare workers (HCWs) IgM seropositi...

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Published inPLoS neglected tropical diseases Vol. 9; no. 12; p. e0004314
Main Authors Al-Hamdan, Nasser A, Panackal, Anil A, Al Bassam, Tami H, Alrabea, Abdullah, Al Hazmi, Mohammed, Al Mazroa, Yagoub, Al Jefri, Mohammed, Khan, Ali S, Ksiazek, Thomas G
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Public Library of Science 01.12.2015
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects
Adult
Africa
Antibodies, Viral - blood
Body fluids
Community-Acquired Infections - transmission
Cross infection
Cross Infection - transmission
Cross-Sectional Studies
Disease control
Distribution
Ebola virus
Epidemics
Epidemiology
Fatalities
Female
Fever
Health aspects
Health Personnel
Humans
Illnesses
Infection control
Infections
Male
Medical personnel
Middle Aged
Nosocomial infections
Rift Valley fever
Rift Valley Fever - transmission
Risk Assessment
Risk factors
Seroepidemiologic Studies
Studies
Young Adult
Zoonoses
Africa
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Summary:In 2000, we investigated the Rift Valley fever (RVF) outbreak on the Arabian Peninsula-the first outside Africa-and the risk of nosocomial transmission. In a cross-sectional design, during the peak of the epidemic at its epicenter, we found four (0.6%) of 703 healthcare workers (HCWs) IgM seropositive but all with only community-associated exposures. Standard precautions are sufficient for HCWs exposed to known RVF patients, in contrast to other viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF) such as Ebola virus disease (EVD) in which the route of transmission differs. Suspected VHF in which the etiology is uncertain should be initially managed with the most cautious infection control measures.
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Current Address: Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases (LCID), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
Conceived and designed the experiments: NAAH AAP THAB AA MAH YAM MAJ ASK TGK. Performed the experiments: AAP THAB MAH. Analyzed the data: NAAH AAP ASK TGK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AAP THAB MAH TGK. Wrote the paper: NAAH AAP ASK.
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:1935-2735
1935-2727
1935-2735
DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004314