In Vitro Study of Taenia solium Postoncospheral Form

• Published in: PLoS neglected tropical diseases Vol. 10; no. 2; p. e0004396
• Main Authors: Chile, Nancy, Clark, Taryn, Arana, Yanina, Ortega, Ynes R, Palma, Sandra, Mejia, Alan, Angulo, Noelia, Kosek, Jon C, Kosek, Margaret, Gomez-Puerta, Luis A, Garcia, Hector H, Gavidia, Cesar M, Gilman, Robert H, Verastegui, Manuela
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 10.02.2016; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Animals; Antigens; Antigens, Helminth - analysis; Biology and Life Sciences; Blotting, Western; Cell Line; Coculture Techniques; Cultures (Biology); Cysticercosis; Eggs; Gene Expression Profiling; Grants; Humans; Infectious diseases; Medicine and Health Sciences; Microscopy; Morphology; Motility; Multimedia; Nervous system; Parasites; Parasitic diseases; Pork tapeworm; Protein expression; Proteins; Public health; Research and Analysis Methods; Taenia; Taenia solium; Taenia solium - anatomy & histology; Taenia solium - genetics; Taenia solium - growth & development; United States; Peru
• ISSN: 1935-2735; 1935-2727; 1935-2735
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004396

The transitional period between the oncosphere and the cysticercus of Taenia solium is the postoncospheral (PO) form, which has not yet been completely characterized. The aim of this work was to standardize a method to obtain T. solium PO forms by in vitro cultivation. We studied the morphology of the PO form and compared the expression of antigenic proteins among the PO form, oncosphere, and cysticerci stages. T. solium activated oncospheres were co-cultured with ten cell lines to obtain PO forms, which we studied at three stages of development--days 15, 30, and 60. A high percentage (32%) of PO forms was obtained using HCT-8 cells in comparison to the other cell lines. The morphology was observed by bright field, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Morphology of the PO form changed over time, with the six hooks commonly seen in the oncosphere stage disappearing in the PO forms, and vesicles and microtriches observed in the tegument. The PO forms grew as they aged, reaching a diameter of 2.5 mm at 60 days of culture. 15-30 day PO forms developed into mature cysticerci when inoculated into rats. Antigenic proteins expressed in the PO forms are also expressed by the oncosphere and cysticerci stages, with more cysticerci antigenic proteins expressed as the PO forms ages. This is the first report of an in vitro production method of T. solium PO forms. The changes observed in protein expression may be useful in identifying new targets for vaccine development. In vitro culture of PO form will aid in understanding the host-parasite relationship, since the structural changes of the developing PO forms may reflect the parasite's immunoprotective mechanisms. A wider application of this method could significantly reduce the use of animals, and thus the costs and time required for further experimental investigations.