Age differences in the relationships between risk factors and loss of kidney function: a general population cohort study

• Published in: BMC nephrology Vol. 21; no. 1; p. 477
• Main Authors: Toyama, Tadashi, Kitagawa, Kiyoki, Oshima, Megumi, Kitajima, Shinji, Hara, Akinori, Iwata, Yasunori, Sakai, Norihiko, Shimizu, Miho, Hashiba, Atsushi, Furuichi, Kengo, Wada, Takashi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 13.11.2020; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Age differences; Age groups; Aged; Analysis; Blood pressure; Cardiovascular disease; Cholesterol; Chronic kidney failure; Chronic renal insufficiency; Cohort analysis; Coronary vessels; Creatinine; Demographic aspects; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Disease age factors; Epidermal growth factor receptors; Glomerular filtration rate; Hemoglobin; Hypertension; Kidney diseases; Kidneys; Middle age; Nephrology; Older people; Population; Population studies; Proteins; Proteinuria; Regression analysis; Renal failure; Risk factors; Smoking; Stroke; Trends; Japan; United States > US; Chronic renal insufficiency; Aged; Glomerular filtration rate
• ISSN: 1471-2369; 1471-2369
• DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-02121-z

Annual decline in kidney function is a widely applied surrogate outcome of renal failure. It is important to understand the relationships between known risk factors and the annual decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) according to baseline age; however, these remain unclear. A community-based retrospective cohort study of adults who underwent annual medical examinations between 1999 and 2013 was conducted. The participants were stratified into different age groups (40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and ≥ 80 years) to assess the risk for loss of kidney function. A mixed-effects model was used to estimate the association between risk factors and annual changes in eGFR. In total, 51,938 participants were included in the analysis. The age group of ≥80 years included 8127 individuals. The mean annual change in eGFR was - 0.39 (95% confidence interval: - 0.41 to - 0.37) mL/min/1.73 m per year. Older age was related to faster loss of kidney function. In the older age group, higher systolic blood pressure, proteinuria, and current smoking were related to faster loss of kidney function (p trend < 0.01, 0.03, and < 0.01, respectively). Conversely, each age group showed similar annual loss of kidney function related to lower hemoglobin levels and diabetes mellitus (p trend 0.47 and 0.17, respectively). Higher systolic blood pressure, proteinuria, and smoking were related to faster loss of kidney function, and a greater effect size was observed in the older participants. More risk assessments for older people are required for personalized care.