Diagnostic Biomarkers for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Promising Horizons from Translational Neuroscience Research

Abstract Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a heterogeneous disorder that affects individuals exposed to trauma (e.g., combat, interpersonal violence, and natural disasters). Although its diagnostic features have been recently reclassified with the emergence of the Diagnostic and Statistical Ma...

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Published inBiological psychiatry (1969) Vol. 78; no. 5; pp. 344 - 353
Main Authors Michopoulos, Vasiliki, Norrholm, Seth Davin, Jovanovic, Tanja
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Inc 01.09.2015
Subjects
Animals
Biomarkers
Biomarkers - metabolism
Humans
Inflammation
Neuroendocrinology
Neuroimaging
Neurosciences
Psychiatry
Psychophysiology
PTSD
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - diagnosis
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - metabolism
Translational Research, Biomedical
Neuroimaging
PTSD
Biomarkers
Inflammation
Neuroendocrinology
Psychophysiology
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Summary:Abstract Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a heterogeneous disorder that affects individuals exposed to trauma (e.g., combat, interpersonal violence, and natural disasters). Although its diagnostic features have been recently reclassified with the emergence of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, the disorder remains characterized by hyperarousal, intrusive reminders of the trauma, avoidance of trauma-related cues, and negative cognition and mood. This heterogeneity indicates the presence of multiple neurobiological mechanisms underlying the etiology and maintenance of PTSD. Translational research spanning the past few decades has revealed several potential avenues for the identification of diagnostic biomarkers for PTSD. These include, but are not limited to, monoaminergic transmitter systems, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, metabolic hormonal pathways, inflammatory mechanisms, psychophysiological reactivity, and neural circuits. The current review provides an update to the literature with regard to the most promising putative PTSD biomarkers, with specific emphasis on the interaction between neurobiological influences on disease risk and symptom progression. Such biomarkers will most likely be identified by multi-dimensional models derived from comprehensive descriptions of molecular, neurobiological, behavioral, and clinical phenotypes.
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ISSN:0006-3223
1873-2402
DOI:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.01.005