Effective control of early Zika virus replication by Dengue immunity is associated to the length of time between the 2 infections but not mediated by antibodies

• Published in: PLoS neglected tropical diseases Vol. 14; no. 5; p. e0008285
• Main Authors: Serrano-Collazo, Crisanta, Pérez-Guzmán, Erick X, Pantoja, Petraleigh, Hassert, Mariah A, Rodríguez, Idia V, Giavedoni, Luis, Hodara, Vida, Parodi, Laura, Cruz, Lorna, Arana, Teresa, Martínez, Melween I, White, Laura, Brien, James D, de Silva, Aravinda, Pinto, Amelia K, Sariol, Carlos A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 01.05.2020; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Analysis; Antibodies; Antigens; Biology and life sciences; Biomedical research; Cells; Defence mechanisms; Dendritic cells; Dengue; Dengue fever; Depletion; Development and progression; Diagnostic systems; Disease control; Durability; Frequency; Guillain-Barre syndrome; Health aspects; High frequency; Human diseases; Immune response; Immune response (cell-mediated); Immune system; Immunity; Immunology; Infections; Innate immunity; Length; Lymphocytes; Lymphocytes T; Medicine; Medicine and Health Sciences; Pathogenesis; Pathogens; Replication; Research and Analysis Methods; Schedules; Time dependence; Tropical diseases; Vaccines; Vector-borne diseases; Virus replication; Viruses; Zika virus; Zika virus infection; Zoology; United States; North Carolina; Puerto Rico; United States > US; Texas; Missouri
• ISSN: 1935-2735; 1935-2727; 1935-2735
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008285

Little is known about the contribution of virus-specific and cross-reacting antibodies (Abs) or the cellular immune response generated by a primary dengue (DENV) infection on the course of a secondary zika (ZIKV) infection in vivo. Here we show that the length of time between DENV/ZIKV infections has a qualitative impact on controlling early ZIKV replication. Depletion of DENV2-specific Abs in sera confirmed that those type-specific Abs do not contribute to ZIKV control. We show that the magnitude and durability of the neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) induced by a secondary ZIKV infection is modest compared to the response induced after a secondary heterologous DENV infection. Our in vivo results are showing a complex interplay between the cellular and innate immune responses characterized by a high frequency of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) correlating with an increase in the frequency of DENV antigen specific T cells and a significant control of ZIKV replication which is time dependent. Taken together, our results suggest that early after ZIKV infection other mechanisms such as the innate and cellular immune responses may play a predominant role in controlling ZIKV replication. Regardless of the time elapsed between infections there was no evidence of in vivo antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of ZIKV by DENV immunity. These findings have pivotal implications while interpreting ZIKV pathogenesis in flavivirus-experimented populations, diagnostic results interpretation and vaccine designs and schedules among others.