Understanding the hidden relations between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes in bovine oviduct epithelium using a multilayer response surface method

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 9; no. 1; p. 3189
• Main Authors: Kowsar, Rasoul, Keshtegar, Behrooz, Miyamoto, Akio
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 28.02.2019; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 631/114/1314; 639/705/1041; Cytokines; Decision making; Epithelial cells; Epithelium; Genes; Hormones; Humanities and Social Sciences; Inflammation; Interleukin 1; Interleukin 10; Interleukin 4; Lipopolysaccharides; Luteinizing hormone; mRNA; multidisciplinary; Oviduct; Physiology; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Sex hormones; Sperm; Steroid hormones; TLR4 protein; Toll-like receptors; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Urea; Zearalenone
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39081-w

An understanding gene-gene interaction helps users to design the next experiments efficiently and (if applicable) to make a better decision of drugs application based on the different biological conditions of the patients. This study aimed to identify changes in the hidden relationships between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes in the bovine oviduct epithelial cells (BOECs) under various experimental conditions using a multilayer response surface method. It was noted that under physiological conditions (BOECs with sperm or sex hormones, such as ovarian sex steroids and LH), the mRNA expressions of IL 1 0 , IL1B , TNFA , TLR4 , and TNFA were associated with IL1B , TNFA , TLR4 , IL4 , and IL10 , respectively. Under pathophysiological + physiological conditions (BOECs with lipopolysaccharide + hormones, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein + hormones, zearalenone + hormones, or urea + hormones), the relationship among genes was changed. For example, the expression of IL10 and TNFA was associated with ( IL1B , TNFA , or IL4 ) and TLR4 expression, respectively. Furthermore, under physiological conditions, the co-expression of IL10  +  TNFA , TLR4  +  IL4 , TNFA  +  IL4 , TNFA  +  IL4 , or IL10  +  IL1B and under pathophysiological + physiological conditions, the co-expression of IL10  +  IL4 , IL4  +  IL10 , TNFA  +  IL10 , TNFA  +  TLR4 , or IL10  +  IL1B were associated with IL1B , TNFA , TLR4 , IL10 , or IL4 expression, respectively. Collectively, the relationships between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes can be changed with respect to the presence/absence of toxins, sex hormones, sperm, and co-expression of other gene pairs in BOECs, suggesting that considerable cautions are needed in interpreting the results obtained from such narrowly focused in vitro studies.